Ishum


Ishum or Išum is a minor god in Akkadian mythology, the brother of Shamash and an attendant of Erra. He was likely a god associated with fire and, according to texts, led the gods in war as a herald and described as a firebrand that led the way. Semitic cultures have long poetically associated torches and the sight of many campfires with warfare, as well as fire representing the intensity of battle. Despite being a harbinger of oncoming destruction, he was nonetheless generally regarded as benevolent, perhaps symbolizing the silent waiting before a battle, before mayhem ensued. Ishum is known particularly from the Babylonian legend of Erra and Ishum, where he primarily acts as a buffer, debating with the god of destruction to stave off his onslaught and give a pause between assaults. Much of his role and character developed from the Sumerian figure of Endursaga, being called the chief herald or high constable, watchman of the silent streets, herald of the silent night, and lamp of the people.