Popular science: ''Jurassic Park'' by Crichton and Spielberg
Ekeland has written several books on popular science, in which he has explained parts of dynamical systems, chaos theory, and probability theory. These books were first written in French and then translated into English and other languages, where they received praise for their mathematical accuracy as well as their value as literature and as entertainment. Through these writings, Ekeland had an influence on Jurassic Park, on both the novel and film. Ekeland's Mathematics and the unexpected and James Gleick's inspired the discussions of chaos theory in the novel Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton. When the novel was adapted for the film Jurassic Park by Steven Spielberg, Ekeland and Gleick were consulted by the actor Jeff Goldblum as he prepared to play the mathematician specializing in chaos theory.
In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist a nearly optimal solution to a class of optimization problems. Ekeland's variational principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem can not be applied. Ekeland's principle relies on the completeness of the metric space. Ekeland's principle leads to a quick proof of the Caristi fixed point theorem. Ekeland was associated with the University of Paris when he proposed this theorem.
Variational theory of Hamiltonian systems
Ivar Ekeland is an expert on variational analysis, which studies mathematical optimization of spaces of functions. His research on periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems and particularly to the theory of Kreĭn indices for linear systems was described in his monograph.
Additive optimization problems
Ekeland explained the success of methods of convex minimization on large problems that appeared to be non-convex. In many optimization problems, the objective function f are separable, that is, the sum of many summand-functions each with its own argument: For example, problems of linear optimization are separable. For a separable problem, we consider an optimal solution with the minimum value For a separable problem, we consider an optimal solution to the "convexified problem", where convex hulls are taken of the graphs of the summand functions. Such an optimal solution is the limit of a sequence of points in the convexified problem This analysis was published by Ivar Ekeland in 1974 to explain the apparent convexity of separable problems with many summands, despite the non-convexity of the summand problems. In 1973, the young mathematician Claude Lemaréchal was surprised by his success with convex minimization methods on problems that were known to be non-convex. Ekeland's analysis explained the success of methods of convex minimization on large and separable problems, despite the non-convexities of the summand functions. The Shapley–Folkman lemma has encouraged the use of methods of convex minimization on other applications with sums of many functions.
