Józef Lewartowski
Józef Lewartowski was a Polish communist politician of Jewish origin, revolutionary, member of the KPP and PPR one of the first organizers of the Jewish resistance in Nazi occupied Poland, co-founder of the Anti-Fascist Bloc.Biography
Józef Lewartowski was born in 1895 into a family of poor Torah-observant Jews. His parents were Moishe and Chava Lewartowski. He joined the Poale Zion in 1918. In 1920 Lewartowski was member of the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee. He was co-founder of Communist Party of Poland and member of the Central Jewish Bureau. On 9 April 1926 he was arrested and sentenced by the Polish court to 3 years in prison. Lewartowski was member and leader of Prison's Commune - organization of left-wing political prisoners in Second Polish Republic. He escaped from prison in December 1926 and fled to Moscow. In 1932 Lewartowski returned to Poland. In 1933 he was one of the organizers of labor strike in Łódź and Białystok. In 1934 he was re-arrested and sentenced to 12 years of prison. In prison he met Alfred Lampe, Paweł Finder and Bolesław Bierut. Lewartowski was released from the prison on 1 September 1939 and took part in Defense of Warsaw during the September Campaign. Since 1941 he lived in Warsaw Ghetto. He joined the Polish Workers' Party and in March 1942 he founded of the Anti-Fascist Bloc. Józef Lewartowski died 25 August 1942, shot by Gestapo. He has been awarded the Order of the Cross of Grunwald.
