J. J. Cale
John Weldon "J. J." Cale was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Though he avoided the limelight, his influence as a musical artist has been widely acknowledged by figures such as Mark Knopfler, Neil Young and Eric Clapton, who described him as "one of the most important artists in the history of rock". He is considered to be one of the originators of the Tulsa Sound, a loose genre drawing on blues, rockabilly, country, and jazz.
In 2008, Cale, along with Clapton, received a Grammy Award for their album The Road to Escondido.
Life and career
Early years
John Cale was born on December 5, 1938, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and graduated from Tulsa Central High School in 1956. As well as learning to play the guitar he began studying the principles of sound engineering while still living with his parents in Tulsa, where he built himself a recording studio. After graduation he was drafted into military service, studying at the Air Force Air Training Command in Rantoul, Illinois. Cale recalled, "I didn't really want to carry a gun and do all that stuff so I joined the Air Force and what I did is I took technical training and that's kind of where I learned a little bit about electronics." Cale's knowledge of mixing and sound recording turned out to play an important role in creating the distinctive sound of his studio albums., Germany, 1975
Early musical career
Along with a number of other young Tulsa musicians, Cale moved to Los Angeles in late 1964, where he found employment as a studio engineer as well as playing at bars and clubs. He managed to land a regular gig at the growingly popular Whisky a Go Go in March 1965.. In 1966, while living in Los Angeles he cut a demo single with Liberty Records of his composition "After Midnight". He distributed copies of this single to his Tulsa musician friends living in Los Angeles, many of whom were successfully finding work as session musicians. He found little success as a recording artist and, not being able to make enough money as a studio engineer, he sold his guitar and returned to Tulsa in late 1967, where he joined a band with Tulsa musician Don White.Rise to fame
In 1970, it came to his attention that Eric Clapton had recorded a cover of "After Midnight" on his debut album. As a result of this, it was suggested to Cale that he should take advantage of this publicity and cut a record of his own. His first album, Naturally, which was released in December 1971, established his style, described by Los Angeles Times writer Richard Cromelin as a "unique hybrid of blues, folk and jazz, marked by relaxed grooves and Cale's fluid guitar and iconic vocals. His early use of drum machines and his unconventional mixes lend a distinctive and timeless quality to his work and set him apart from the pack of Americana roots music purists."In his 2003 biography Shakey, Neil Young remarked, "Of all the players I ever heard, it's gotta be Hendrix and J. J. Cale who are the best electric guitar players." In the 2005 documentary To Tulsa and Back: On Tour with J.J. Cale, Cale's guitar style is characterized by Eric Clapton as "really, really minimal" adding "it's all about finesse".
His biggest U.S. hit single, "Crazy Mama", peaked at #22 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1972. In the 2005 documentary film To Tulsa and Back, Cale recounts the story of being offered the opportunity to appear on Dick Clark's American Bandstand to promote the song, which would have moved it higher on the charts. Cale declined when told he could not bring his band to the taping and would be required to lip-sync the words.
Cale moved to California in 1980 and became a recluse, living in a trailer without a telephone. His 1983 album #8 was poorly received and he asked to be released from his contract with PolyGram. When later asked how he had spent the 1980s he replied: "Mowing the lawn and listening to Van Halen and rap."
Cale often acted as his own producer / engineer / session player. His vocals, sometimes whispery, would be buried in the mix. He attributed his unique sound to being a recording mixer and engineer, saying, "Because of all the technology now you can make music yourself and a lot of people are doing that now. I started out doing that a long time ago and I found when I did that I came up with a unique sound."
His catalogue is published for the world excluding North America by independent music publishers Fairwood Music Ltd.
Death
Cale died at the age of 74 in San Diego, California, on July 26, 2013, after suffering a heart attack. He was survived by his wife Christine Lakeland, whom he married in 1995.Posthumous album
On August 10, 2018 it was announced on his official website and Facebook page that a posthumous album of previously unreleased material would be released later in the year. On what would have been Cale's 80th birthday on December 5, his Facebook page announced that the album would be released in the spring of 2019. The new album is called Stay Around with its release date set as April 26, 2019. "Chasing You", the first single from the album, was digitally released on January 31, 2019 and was released physically as a vinyl single on Record Store Day on April 13, 2019. The title track "Stay Around" was digitally released on March 20, 2019.Covers
- "Any Way the Wind Blows" was covered by Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings as the lead-off song on their 1999 album of the same name
- "Angel" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 2013 album Old Sock
- "After Midnight" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 1970 self-titled debut album Eric Clapton, by Jerry Garcia, by Wire, and in French translation as "Après minuit" by French singer Eddy Mitchell on his 1978 studio album of the same name. Swedish singer-songwriter Cornelis Vreeswijk translated the song into Swedish as "Droskblues" on his 1974 studio album Getinghonung.
- "Bringing It Back" was covered by Kansas, and by funk supergroup Cameo as "Bringing It Back, Baby"
- "Call Me the Breeze" was covered by Lynyrd Skynyrd, by Johnny Cash, by Bobby Bare, John Mayer, by Johnny Hiland, by American bluegrass singer-songwriter Larry Cordle, with his band Lonesome Standard Time, on their 2004 album A Bluegrass Tribute To Lynyrd Skynryd, and by Spiritualized as "Run" on their 1992 debut album, Lazer Guided Melodies
- "Can't Let You Do It" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 2016 album I Still Do
- "Clyde" was covered by Waylon Jennings and Dr. Hook. Swedish singer-songwriter Cornelis Vreeswijk translated the song into Swedish as "Lill-Klas' elektriska bas" on his 1974 studio album Getinghonung.
- "Cocaine" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 1977 studio album Slowhand and live by Nazareth on their 1981 studio album The Fool Circle
- "Crazy Mama" was covered by Johnny Rivers on his 1972 album L. A. Reggae, and by The Band on their 1996 album High on the Hog
- "Devil In Disguise" was covered by George Thorogood and The Destroyers on their 2003 album Ride 'Til I Die
- "Don't Go to Strangers" was covered by Johnny Rivers on his 1974 album Rockin' Rivers
- "Everything Will Be Alright" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 2010 self-titled album Clapton
- "I'd Like To Love You Baby" was covered by Tom Petty on his 2009 album The Live Anthology
- "I'll Make Love To You Anytime" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 1978 album Backless
- "I Got the Same Old Blues" was covered by Captain Beefheart on his 1974 album Bluejeans & Moonbeams, by Bryan Ferry and by Lynyrd Skynyrd
- "Magnolia" was covered by Poco, by Beck, by Lucinda Williams, by Pat Travers, and by Joan Shelley
- "Ride Me High" was covered by Widespread Panic
- "River Runs Deep" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 2010 self-titled album Clapton
- "Somebody's Knockin'" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 2016 album I Still Do
- "Travelin' Light" was covered by Eric Clapton on his 2001 album Reptile, and by Widespread Panic on their debut album Space Wrangler
- "The Sensitive Kind" was covered by Santana on their 1981 album Zebop!, and by John Mayall on his 1990 album A Sense of Place
Tributes
- In 2014, Eric Clapton & Friends released the tribute album . Here, Cale's tunes are covered by Clapton with Tom Petty, Mark Knopfler, John Mayer, Don White, Willie Nelson, Derek Trucks, Cale's wife Christine Lakeland, and others. In the video version of Call Me The Breeze for this album, Clapton declares of Cale, "He was a fantastic musician. And he was my hero."
- Kevin Brown's 2015 album, Grit, contained a track called "The Ballad of J. J. Cale", in tribute to Brown's musical inspiration.
- Hungarian alternative rock band Quimby's 2009 album, Lármagyűjtögető, contained a track called "Haverom a J. J. Cale".
Discography
Singles
- 1958 "Shock Hop"/"Sneaky"
- 1960 "Troubles, Troubles"/"Purple Onion"
- 1961 "Ain't That Lovin You Baby"/"She's My Desire"
- 1965 "It's A Go Go Place"/"Dick Tracy", Liberty 55840
- 1966 "In Our Time"/"Outside Looking In", Liberty 55881
- 1966 "After Midnight"/"Slow Motion", Liberty 55931
- 1971 "Crazy Mama", Shelter 7314
- 1972 "After Midnight", Shelter 7321
- 1972 "Lies"/"Riding Home", Shelter 7326
- 1976 "Hey Baby"/"Cocaine", Shelter
- 1979 "Katy Kool Lady"/"Juarez Blues", Shelter WIP 6521
Studio albums
- 1972 Naturally
- 1973 Really
- 1974 Okie
- 1976 Troubadour
- 1979 5
- 1981 Shades
- 1982 Grasshopper
- 1983 #8
- 1990 Travel-Log
- 1992 Number 10
- 1994 Closer to You
- 1996 Guitar Man
- 2004 To Tulsa and Back
- 2009 Roll On
- 2019 Stay Around
Live album
- 1998 Live
Collaborative albums
- 2006 The Road to Escondido
- 2016 Live in San Diego
Albums with other artists
- 1966 A Trip Down The Sunset Strip
- 1973 Back in '72 - Bob Seger - Cale plays guitar on his song "Midnight Rider"
- 1973 "Hank Wilson's back" - Leon Russell - Cale plays guitar on most songs
- 1990 The Rhythm of the Saints - Paul Simon - Cale appears on guitar
- 2006 Uncovered - Tony Joe White - Cale co-wrote, sings and plays guitar on the song "Louvelda"
- 2010 Clapton - Eric Clapton - Cale sings and plays guitar on his songs "River Runs Deep" and "Everything Will Be Alright"
- 2013 Old Sock – Eric Clapton – Cale plays guitar and sings on his song, "Angel"
Compilations
- 1984 Special Edition
- 1997 Anyway the Wind Blows: The Anthology
- 1997 The Very Best of J. J. Cale
- 2000 Universal Masters Collection
- 2003 After Midnight
- 2006 The Definitive Collection
- 2006 Collected
- 2007
- 2011 The Silvertone Years
Videos
- 1979 In Session At The Paradise Studios - Los Angeles, 1979 – Cale featuring Leon Russell
- 1981 Cale and Company - 30-minute documentary following Cale's Western United States and Canada tour
- 2004 Eric Clapton's Crossroads Festival
- 2005 To Tulsa And Back – On Tour With J. J. Cale – Documentary filmed during Cale's 2004 US tour with Christine Lakeland, Jimmy Karstein, Bill Raffensperger, Rocky Frisco