J. V. S. Taylor


Rev. Joseph van Someran Tylor, known more commonly as J. V. S. Taylor, was a Scottish Christian missionary and writer of Gujarati language. He made the earliest attempt among westerners at writing a grammar of Gujarati, and also translated the Bible into Gujarati.

Family

The earlier first London Missionary Society missionary to Gujarat, John Taylor M.D. had arrived in 1805 but became disheartened by the state of the mission and entered government service.
Joseph Taylor, was missionary in Bellary since 1812, then Belgaum since September, 1820. It was this Joseph Taylor who was father of J. V. S. Taylor.

Life

J. V. S. Taylor was born on 3 July 1820, Bellary or Belgaon, Mysore. He studied at Bishop’s College, Calcutta until the age of 15, then he went to England in 1838 for further studies, where he developed a close relationship with the young David Livingstone. In 1840, he attended Glasgow University and in 1843 he completed his B.A.. The same year the London Missionary Society accepted him as missionary and sent him to India to be based in Madras.
Tylor arrived in Baroda, Gujarat, in 1846 and went with William Clarkson to Mahi Kantha. He soon learnt the local language. His articles first appeared in a missionary periodical in 1850. After Clarkson retired in 1854, the mission was transferred to the Irish Presbyterian Mission in 1858 where he continued his work in Gujarat due to his interest in the Gujarati language and people. He was founder of Church of North India churches in Gujarat like Borsad and Shahwadi.
He died in Edinburgh on 2 June 1881. His son, Dr. George Pritchard Taylor remained in India and became the first principal of Stevenson Divinity College, Ahmedabad, named after William Fleming Stevenson. G. P. Taylor also revised his father's first complete Gujarati grammar, as well as publishing his own.

Works

He published Gujarati Bhashanu Vyakaran in 1867 which earned him the title of Father of Gujarati Grammar. Though not the first, it was the earliest attempt to write Gujarati grammar in Gujarati to be used by natives. His work was more comprehensive and exhaustive. It was used in schools of the Bombay Presidency and went through many editions up to 1903. This was later superseded by the native-written Gujarati Bhashanu Brihad Vyakaran of Kamlashankar Trivedi.
He also compiled, with Vrajlal Shastri, Dhatusangraha, an etymological dictionary of Gujarati roots. He had studied Gujarati prosody and his hymn collections Dharmagita and Kavyarpan are still popular in local churches. He is considered the father of Gujarati Christian poetry and his Bhajansangraha had 90 original and 18 translated songs. It includes popular some songs like Pita tane parakrame, Maro Paalak Dev che. He also translated and published some works such as Christian Gottlob Barth's Church History in 1862, the Westminster Shorter Catechism in 1878 and posthumously published the Westminster Confession of Faith as Westminster Vishwasnamu in 1888.

The Gujarati "Old Version" Bible

A Gujarati translation of the Bible had been issued by the Serampore Mission Press in 1820, and William Carey had contributed to it. James Skinner and William Fyvie of the London Missionary Society continued the work. These were all superseded by J. V. S. Taylor's 1861 "Old Version" which remains the standard version today.