JL-1


The Julang-1 was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile. According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".

History

Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu, and Chen Deren served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307.
The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarines have 12 launch tubes.
The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.
The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.