James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick


James Francis Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xérica was a Jacobite and Spanish nobleman.
He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at Philippsburg, during the War of the Polish Succession. He was also Consort Duke of Veragua and of la Vega and a Consort-Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716. His full title was 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Earl of Tinmouth, 2nd Baron Bosworth, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain 1st class, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, as well as the holder of several earldoms.

Family

His father was James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough.
His mother was Lady Honora Burke, second daughter of William Burke,, the seventh Earl of Clanricarde and widow of the Irish Jacobite nobleman Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan. Sarsfield and Berwick were both veterans of James II's Irish Army and went into continental exile as part of the Flight of the Wild Geese.
Unfortunately, his mother died young at Pezenas, in the Languedoc, South of France, on the 16 January 1698, when he was less than 18 months old. His father later remarried and so the 2nd Duke of Berwick had 12 younger half brothers and half sisters, the eldest half brother being the origin of the line of French Dukes of Fitzjames.

Marriage and descent

On 31 December 1716, the 2nd Duke of Berwick became the second husband of the dowager Catalina Ventura Colón de Portugal y Ayala-Toledo, 9th Duchess of Veragua. Catalina Ventura was the daughter of Pedro Manuel Colon de Portugal y de la Cueva,. This made the 2nd Duke of Berwick also duke-consort of Veragua and of la Vega.
They had 6 children, of whom 4 survived to adulthood:
The Anglo-Franco-Spanish James Fitz-James Stuart was employed by Elizabeth of Parma to achieve her military purposes, being involved in the battles on land and sea from 1717 to 1719 to regain Naples from its Austrian rulers and Sicily from the Duchy of Savoy, thus creating the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. He fought as colonel of the Irish Regiments of Spain and Lieutenant General of the Spanish Royal Armies, being promoted to Field Marshal in February 1724.
He then served as Spanish ambassador to Russia under Emperor Peter II, taking with him Ricardo Wall, later a minister in the Spanish government. During his time in Russia he was made a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Andrew, a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky and a Knight of the Garter. From 1730 to 1733 Stuart was ambassador in Vienna, then from 1733 to his death in 1738 ambassador to the "recovered" Kingdom of Naples.

Ancestry

James Fitz-James Stuart was a grandson of King James II of England by his illegitimate son James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick whom he fathered with his mistress Arabella Churchill.