Campbell attended Darlington School, a college-preparatory school in Rome, Georgia. She was named NSCAA All-American in 2011. She was a member of the club "Concord Fire South", and with this team won the under-16 state championship. Campbell won the under-14 state title with the North Atlanta Soccer Association while playing with their under-12 through under-15 teams. She played for the Silver Backs under-10 and under-11 teams. Campbell attended Stanford University from 2013–2017 where she studied psychology and played for the Stanford Cardinal.
Campbell was a member of the US team that won the 2012 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship in Guatemala and qualified for the Azerbaijan2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. In Guatemala, Campbell started and played every minute of all five games; had all shutout games, and made one assist during the tournament on a goal by Andi Sullivan off a booming punt against Trinidad and Tobago women's national football team. Campbell is undefeated in her U-17 national team career with nine wins, 3 draws and no loss. Campbell first played for U-17 national team at the age of 15; and she attended United States women's national under-23 soccer team training camp in October 2011 as a 16-year-old. On January 22, 2013, at the age of 17, Jane Campbell was called to the national training camp by head coach Tom Sermanni, to train with the senior team who were training for a friendly match ahead of the 2013 Algarve Cup. She became the youngest goalkeeper called to train with the senior team. Campbell made her senior team debut in April 2017 in a friendly against Russia, coming on as a second-half substitute for Ashlyn Harris. On August 23, 2018 she was named to the United States U-23 team for the 2018 Nordic tournament.
Personal life
Campbell was on Headmaster’s List in 2010 and was a member of the National Honor Society in 2012. Both of her parents are former Navy fighter pilots, and both parents were collegiate athletes. Her mother Chrystal rowed crew at the Naval Academy and her father Mike played hockey and rowed crew at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. She followed the footsteps of her grandfather and great-great-grandfather to Stanford University in 2013.