Born in Marseille on 26 September 1944 to Georges and Jeanine Ricard, Jean-Pierre Ricard attended the Lycée de Saint-Charles and the Lycée Périer, Marseille, and Thiers. He studied philosophy at the Major Seminary of Marseille from 1962 to 1964. He spent one year performing National Service to promote development in Bamako, Mali. He also studied at the Carmes Seminary in Paris, and the Institut Catholique de Paris, earning a degree in theology and preparing for a doctorate.
Priest
He was ordained on 5 October 1968 in Marseille and did pastoral work in the Archdiocese of Marseille from 1968 to 1993. He was assistant pastor of the parish of Sainte-Émilie de Vialoar from 1970 to 1978 with responsibility for religious teaching, the formation of priests and laymen. He headed the Mistral Center of Religious Culture from 1975 to 1981 and was diocesan delegate for seminarians from 1975 to 1985. While pastor of the parish of Sainte-Marguerite from 1981 to 1988, he served as associate delegate for ecumenism and episcopal vicar for the zone of south Marseille from 1984 to 1988. He was regional theologian for pastoral affairs and general secretary of the Diocesan Synod of Marseille, and vicar general from 1988 to 1993 to Cardinal Robert Coffy, Archbishop of Marseille.
Bishop
Ricard was named titular bishop of Pulcheriopoli and appointed auxiliary bishop of Grenoble on 17 April 1993. He received his episcopal consecration on 6 June 1993 at the cathedral of Sainte-Marie-Majeure, Marseille, from Cardinal Coffy. On 4 July 1996 he was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Montpellier and became bishop there upon the death of his predecessor on 6 September. He became Vice-President of the Bishops' Conference of France on 9 November 1999 and participated in the Tenth Ordinary Synod of Bishops, held in Vatican City, 30 September–27 October 2001. He was elected President of the Conference on 6 November 2001. Pope John Paul II named him to the Archbishop of Bordeaux on 21 December 2001. On 6 September 2002, John Paul named him a member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and Pope Benedict renewed that appointment on 6 May 2006. He attended the 11th General Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, 2–23 October 2005. He gave a series of interviews that appeared as a book, Les Sept Défis pour l'Eglise, in 2003.
In 2006, Ricard opposed use of human embryos for scientific research, saying that it is a grave ethical transgression.
Euthanasia
He has been critical of attempts to legalize euthanasia in France.
Traditional Mass and Lefebvrists
Ricard told the newspaper La Croix that the Pope wants to reconcile all Catholics by allowing a wider use of the Traditional Latin Mass, and does not undermine the achievements of Vatican Council II.