The Ji River was a former river in north-eastern China which gave its name to the towns of Jiyuan and Jinan. It disappeared during one of the massive Yellow River floods of 1852, as the Yellow River shifted its course from below the Shandong Peninsula to north of it. In the process, it overtook the Ji and assumed its bed.
The Ji River changed its precise course several times over the historical period before its disappearance. Generally, it traced its course from an origin near Jiyuan in what is now Henan Province through Shandong to the Bohai Sea. During the Neolithic, the Ji was probably a tributary of the Yellow River, merging with its lower course in the North China Plain. At some point, its flooding shifted the lower course of the Yellow River into a separate channel, while the Ji continued to occupy its earlier path. The two rivers ran parallel to one another under the Zhou, Qin, and Han. Under the Han, the Ji River's central course passed through the Great Wild Marsh and its mouth was in Qiansheng Commandery.
History
The area around the Ji River was among the most densely populated in China during the Neolithic Age, when its plains were a center for the Longshan and Yueshi cultures. It was honored as a god in ancient Chinese religion. Sima Qian lists the Ji among the rivers connected by the Honggou Canal, whose remote antiquity caused him to place it next after the works of the legendary figure Yu the Great. In fact, the Heshui Canalconnecting the Ji to the Si was completed by soldiers under the command of King Fuchai of Wu in 483 and 482 in order to improve their supply lines while at war with the northern states of Qi and Jin. From the Si, the Ji River then had access to the Huai River, which connected to the new course of the Yellow River through the Hongguo Canal and with the Yangtze River through the Hangou Canal just completed by Fuchai's men in 486. Under the Zhou, the state of Qi was centered on the broad floodplain of the Ji. It also used the "clear Ji" along with the "muddy Yellow River" as part of its borders with and defenses against the states of Yan and Zhao. During antiquity, the river was a center of salt production. The river went dry during the Wei and Jin period. The Ji finally disappeared during one of the massive Yellow River floods of 1852, as the Yellow River shifted its course from below the Shandong Peninsula to north of it. In the process, it overtook the Ji and assumed its bed. Other parts of the former course of the Ji form the present Xiaoqing River.
Legacy
The Ji River was the namesake of Jiyuan and Jinan.
