On 17 August 2004, Jin won the silver medal in the men's 50 m pistol at the 2004 Summer Olympics, with two low-scoring shots in the final round after winning the qualification round. On 12 August 2008, Jin won the gold medal in the men's 50 m pistol at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He also gained the silver medal in the men's 10 m air pistol on 9 August of the same year. On 28 July 2012, Jin won the gold medal in the men's 10 m air pistol at the 2012 Summer Olympics. On 5 August, he won the gold medal in the 50m, becoming the first man to successfully defend the 50-metre pistol Olympic title. By doing so, Jin also became the first man to win the 10 metre air pistol and 50 metre pistol gold medals at the same Olympics, and one of the five shooters to win two individual gold medals at one Olympics, being the first man to have done so since Otto Olsen of Norway at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He is one of three shooters to have won three Olympic individual gold medals, along with Ralf Schumann of Germany and Kim Rhode of the United States. He became the first Korean athlete to win three individual Olympic gold medals, to win four individual Olympic medals, to defend an individual title in the Summer Olympics, to win two individual gold medals at one Summer Olympic Games and to win an individual medal for one event at three consecutive Olympic Games. On 9 September 2014, Jin won the 50 metre pistol gold medal at the 2014 World Shooting Championships after shooting 583 points out of possible 600 in the qualification, thereby breaking the 34-year-old World Record of 581 points set by Soviet Aleksandr Melentyev at the 1980 Summer Olympics. In doing so, Jin also set several milestones not seen in 50-metre pistol since the current quadrennial intervals between the world championships were established after the 1954 World Championships; World championships were previously held annually until 1931 then biennially until 1954. He became the first shooter since 1952 to have won three world-level championships and the first since the 1956 Summer Olympics to simultaneously hold the Olympic and World titles in the discipline. He also became the second 50-metre pistol shooter to have won the Olympics, the world championships and the World Cup Final. Two days later he also won the 10 metre air pistol gold medal at the same world championships. On 6 August 2016, Jin placed 5th in 10 metre pistol at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro after placing second in the qualifications. On 10 August, he placed first in the qualifications and went on to win the gold medal for 50 metre pistol at the same Olympics, coming back from 7th place during the final round. In doing so Jin became the first athlete to have won three consecutive gold medal in one event in shooting and the first shooter to have won four individual gold medals at the Olympic Games. He also matched Chinese shooter Wang Yifu's records of six individual medals at the Olympics and most consecutive Olympic medals in one event, including the silver medal he won for 50 metre pistol at the 2004 Summer Olympics. He became the first person since Torsten Ullman of Sweden in 1937 to have won three consecutive World level Championships in 50 metre pistol. With four gold and two silver medals, he became the most successful Olympian in Korean history, becoming the first Korean to have won three consecutive Olympic gold medals in one event, three Olympic gold medals in one individual event, four individual gold medals, six individual medals, and a medal in one event at four consecutive Olympic Games. On 6 September 2018, Jin won the 10 metre air pistol gold medal at the 2018 World Shooting Championships after a shoot-off against Russia's Artem Chernousov, trailing for most of the final round. Jin became the first man to win two World Championships in the event. He did not defend his title at the 50 metre pistol event, which was excluded from the Olympic program from the 2020 Summer Olympics.
