De Peyster was born in 1694. He was the son of Johannes De Peyster Jr. and Anna Bancker. His father was the 23rdMayor of New York City, and served as a Captain with the 2nd Battalion, Company of Foot, New York. His parents had 12 children, several who died young. His siblings that survived to adulthood included: Elizabeth de Peyster, who married James Beekman, Cornelia de Peyster, who was married to Matthew Clarkson and Gilbert Tennent, Gerardus de Peyster, who married Eva van Nuys Ouke, Anna de Peyster, Maria de Peyster, who married Gerard Bancker in 1731, William de Peyster, who married Margareta Roosevelt, daughter of Johannes Roosevelt, and Catharina de Peyster, who married Hendrick Rutgers. His paternal grandparents were Johannes de Peyster, Sr. and Cornelia Lubberts. His uncle was Abraham de Peyster, who also served as mayor from 1691 to 1694, and his aunt was Maria De Peyster, who was married to David Provost. His maternal grandparents were Gerrit Bancker, a pioneer fur trader, and Elizabeth Van Epps. His uncle was Evert Bancker, the 3rd and 12th Mayor of Albany, New York. His nephews included Gerard Bancker, New York State Treasurer from 1778 to 1798, and Henry Rutgers, namesake of Rutgers College.
Career
From 1717 to the 1740s, he was Lieutenant of Foot County Troops in the militia and Captain of a Troop in 1744. In 1726, De Peyster became the Recorder of Albany. Shortly thereafter, he served as Mayor of Albany for a total of three times. The first term began in 1729 and he was in office until 1731 when he was succeeded by Johannes "Hans" Hansen, who served from 1831 to 1732. De Peyster succeeded him and was only in office that year, having been succeeded by Edward Holland who served until 1740 when Johannes Schuyler, Jr. became mayor. Schuyler, the son of Mayor Johannes Schuyler and father ofRevolutionary WarGeneral Philip Schuyler, served from 1740 until 1741 when De Peyster again served. His third and final term ended in 1742 when he was succeeded by Cornelius Cuyler. Cuyler was the son of Mayor Johannes Cuyler, grandson of Mayor Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck, and father of Mayor Abraham Cuyler. For eleven years, he served as Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the Province of New York, appointed in 1734, 1738, 1739, and 1746. He was also a member of Provincial Assembly From 1756 to 1766, he was the Surrogate of Albany County. He held the position again from 1778 to 1782, when the Province became New York State. In 1782, he was replaced in the role by his grandson, John De Peyster Douw. During The Seven Years War, he served as Paymaster of Troops from 1755 to 1756.
He was the grandfather of nine children born to his daughter Anna, including John De Peyster Douw, who took part in the Clinton-Sullivan Expedition and also served as Surrogate of Albany County, replacing de Peyster in 1782. Through his daughter Rachel, he was the grandfather of Johannes De Peyster Ten Eyck, Myndert Schuyler Ten Eyck, Henry Ten Eyck, and Tobias Ten Eyck.
