John Bowes, built on the River Tyne in England in 1852, was one of the first steam colliers. She traded for over 81 years before sinking in a storm off Spain.
Development
Owing to her success, John Bowes is often said to be the first steam collier. That is not quite true. Bedlington of 1841 could have that honour but she only worked locally, she carried the coal in railway wagons and she was wrecked in 1846. The entrepreneur behind John Bowes′ design was Charles Mark Palmer. She was the second vessel from his new Jarrow shipyard, founded with his brother George, which would build over a thousand ships. The vessel's key novelties were the iron hull, water ballast and steam screw propulsion, despite which an auxiliary sailing rig was also fitted. survey certificate for the steam collier SS John Bowes, signed and dated July 1852, by Samuel Pretious, resident surveyor, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Career
The steamer was launched on 30 June 1852 and named in honour of John Bowles, mine owner, business partner of Charles Palmer and the then High Sheriff of Durham. Her working life started on 27 July, with coal from the Tyne to London. Within the week, she had done the work of two collier brigs for a month and a stream of similar ships followed. Initially, the design of the ballast tanks proved problematical, as they could not be kept watertight, and Palmer tried a number of solutions before settling on longitudinal iron tanks beneath each hold designed by John McIntyre, manager of the Jarrow shipyard from 1853. During a voyage from Rosedale, Yorkshire to the River Tyne, she ran aground on the Insand, in the North Sea off the coast of County Durham, England, on 16 July 1860. Despite her mishap, this first steam collier had a long and prosperous life. She was re-engined in 1864 and 1883. She ran aground on Heligoland on 9 June 1864. She was refloated but had to be beached. She was repaired and resumed her voyage to Hamburg. In 1873, John Bowes was sold to Benjamin Barnett and registered at London, and in 1896, to James Mackenzie of Dublin. In 1898, she left the British flag on sale to Scandinavian owners as Spec and later Transit. In 1908, she was sold to Spain, where she traded for a further twenty five years as Carolina, Valentin Fierro and lastly Villa Selgas.
