John Bowne, the progenitor of the Bowne family in America, was an English immigrant residing in the Dutch colony of New Netherland, who is honored today as a pioneer in the American struggle for religious liberty.
Background
Born in Matlock, Derbyshire, on 9 March 1627, Bowne emigrated with his father and sister to Boston, Mass. in 1648. Bowne became a merchant and married well, his first wife Hannah Feake, whom he married in 1656, being a great-niece of Governor John Winthrop of Massachusetts. Bowne and his bride, along with his in-laws William Hallet and Elizabeth Fones, soon became adherents of the new doctrine of Quakerism, which was then being actively repressed in most of the English colonies of New England. Accordingly, by 1661, they had relocated to Flushing, Long Island, where a small group of English-speaking Quakers were attempting to practice their faith in defiance of the Dutch governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant.
Fight for religious freedom
In 1662, Bowne was arrested by the New Amsterdam sheriff, Resolved Waldron, under orders of Governor Stuyvesant, for allowing a Quaker meeting in his house. Refusing to pay the assessed fine, or to depart from the province, he was sent to Holland for trial before the Dutch West India Company. There, he successfully exonerated himself by appealing to the guarantees of religious liberty contained in the Flushing patent of 1645 granted by Governor William Kieft; see Flushing Remonstrance. Winning the respect of his judges by his uncompromising stance, he was released, and returned triumphantly home in 1664, Governor Stuyvesant being ordered to extend tolerance to all religious sects. Although New Netherland was soon to become the English colony of New York, the ideal of religious freedom for which John Bowne had stood up was upheld by the province's new rulers, serving as an example for the other English colonies in North America, and ultimately to the framers of the American Constitution as well. A 1672 letter from Bowne and other Quakers to the Governor of New York explaining their conscientious refusal to contribute funds for the repair of the fort of New York is one of the earliest examples of American Quakerwar tax resistance. in Flushing, Queens, New York John Bowne later served in the provincial assembly of New York, dying in Flushing on 20 December 1695.
Family
John Bowne's first wife Hannah Feake was the daughter of Elizabeth Fones. They had 8 children. John Bowne's second wife was Hannah Bickerstaff and had 6 children. John Bowne's third wife was Mary Cock and had two children.
Descendants
Bowne's descendants played notable roles in all aspects of life in America, from politics to business and academia. They include:
, PS 20 John Bowne Elementary School, and Bowne Street in Flushing, Queens are named in his honor. Bowne Park is named after his descendant, New York City mayor Walter Bowne. The Bowne House at Bowne Street and 37th Avenue in Flushing still stands, and is open to the public as a New York City designated landmark and a Registered Historic Place. In October 2018 a memorial stone was unveiled and a lime tree planted on the corner of Lime Tree Road and Hurst Rise, Matlock, Derbyshire, the site of John Bowne's birthplace, Lime Tree Farm.
