Fairfax was the second son of Benjamin Fairfax, ejected from Rumburgh, Suffolk, who married Sarah, daughter of Roger and Joane Galliard, of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, was born in 1623. Theophilus Brabourne, the sabbatarian, was his uncle by marriage. The Suffolk Fairfaxes are a branch of the ancient Fairfax family of Walton and Gilling, Yorkshire.
He then obtained the rectory of Barking-cum-Needham, Suffolk, and held it until the 1662 Act of Uniformity. Fairfax continued to reside in his own house at Barking, and used all opportunities of preaching. He was supported by Dame Brook, widow of Sir Robert Brook of Cockfield Hall, near Yoxford, Suffolk, who patronised nonconformists. He was also aided by his neighbour, John Meadows, an ejected minister of good property, who later married his niece. Fairfax's preaching got him more than once into prison. On Tuesday, 5 July 1670, Fairfax and other ministers attended the parish church of Walsham-in-the-Willows, Suffolk. After the liturgy was read by the minister of the parish, a sermon was preached by a non-licensed minister Stephen Scandaret. During this sermon Fairfax and five other ministers were arrested, and committed to the county gaol at Bury St. Edmunds. At the quarter sessions they were bailed to appear at the next assize. The judge before whom they appeared was Sir Richard Raynsford, noted for his severity to nonconformists. The grand jury found a true bill against one of them ; others, including Fairfax, on 'a general suggestion' of the justices who had committed them, that they were persons dangerous to the public peace, were sent to prison by Raynsford until they should find sureties for their good behaviour. After five months in Bury goal, they applied to the Court of Common Pleas for a writ of habeas corpus, which the judges were of opinion they could not grant, and advised a petition to the king. On 18 March 1671 Fairfax was still in prison. His sister Priscilla, who was in the service of Reynolds, bishop of Norwich, urged him to conform. He probably obtained his release at the following assize; and on the issue of the king's indulgence he took out a licence as a presbyterian teacher at the house of Margaret Rozer, Needham Market.
Fairfax entered on a renewed career, active in preaching and the formation of nonconformist congregations. He aided the settlement of young ministers, as the ejected died out. On the death of Owen Stockton, he took the charge of the nonconformist congregation in Ipswich, in addition to his own. The independent section formed a separate congregation in 1686; on the issue of James II's 'declaration for liberty of conscience' next year, the Presbyterians under Fairfax hired a building for public worship in St. Nicholas parish. Timothy Wright became his assistant at Ipswich in 1698. On 26 April 1700 Fairfax opened the existing meeting-house in St. Nicholas Street. He died at Barking on 11 August 1700. The funeral sermon was preached on 15 August in the parish church by Samuel Bury. Fairfax was succeeded at Needham by his grandnephew, John Meadows, who in his later years was assisted by Joseph Priestley; and at Ipswich by Wright, who died in November 1701, aged 42.
Marriage
Fairfax married Elizabeth, daughter of William Cowper of Mosborough, Derbyshire. From his eldest son, Nathaniel, are descended the Kebles of Creeting, Suffolk, who possessed an original painting of John Fairfax; a duplicate is in the possession of the Harwoods of Battisford, descended from his daughter Elizabeth, who married Samuel Studd of Coddenham, Suffolk; his other children were Thomas and William. The copy of the painting owned by the Harwoods was presented to the Congregational Church in Needham Market in 1927 and can be seen there to this day.
Πρεσβύτερς διπλῆς τιμῆς ἄξιος … life of … O. Stockton … funeral sermon, &c., 1681,. Of the life there is an abridged reprint in Christian Biography, 1826.
Primitiæ Synagogæ, &c., 1700,.
Fairfax's funeral sermon for Samuel Spring, ejected from St. Mary's, Creeting, is quoted by Calamy, but does not seem to have been published.
