Joke chess problems are puzzles in chess that use humor as a primary or secondary element. Although most chess problems, like other creative forms, are appreciated for serious artistic themes, joke chess problems are enjoyed for some twist. In some cases the composer plays a trick to prevent a solver from succeeding with typical analysis. In other cases, the humor derives from an unusual final position. Unlike in ordinarychess puzzles, joke problems can involve a solution which violates the inner logic or rules of the game.
Self-solving problems
Some chess puzzles are not really puzzles at all. In the diagram, White is asked to checkmate Black in six moves. The joke in this case is that, by the rules of chess, White has no choice in the matter; the only legal moves available lead directly to the "solution": Tim Krabbé provides other examples on his chess website.
The rules of chess are fairly simple and clearly defined. Nevertheless, some composers have relied on ambiguities in the rules to create humorous puzzles. A typical example would be the position shown in the diagram on the right. According to chess legend, a composer stipulated "White mates in one move." It appears to be impossible, and now is, but formerly the color of the promoted piece was not specified, and the "solution" was for White to promote to a black knight on b8, thus depriving the blackking of its only escape square. Similar problems have been created involving promotion to kings or pawns. A more sophisticated example was composed by Tim Krabbé and relied on a loophole that existed in the definition of castling. In the diagram, White must mate in three moves. The solution begins 1. e7, then the main variations are: In the last variation, White castles with their newly promoted rook, moving the king to e3 and the rook to e2. Under the rules of chess at the time, this move was arguably legal because the rook had not moved yet. Afterward, FIDE amended the rules to require that the castling rook must occupy the same rank as the king.
Unusual piece placement or movement
Some problems are notable for extremely unusual patterns of piece placement. For example, direct mates and especially helpmates have been composed with the pieces in the shape of a letter or number, or even a tree.
The "back home task"
A more interesting example occurs in this 1st Prize winner by Kirtley, where the final position echoes a familiar pattern. Krabbé calls this problem the "back home task", as all eight white pieces retreat to their initial positions. He writes that "Strategy and deep themes are absent, Black only has forced moves, but it's one of the funniest chess problems I ever saw." White must selfmate in eight moves; i.e., they must force Black to checkmate White against Black's will. The solution is:
The "caterpillar theme"
Krabbé named the "caterpillar theme" for problems and studies where doubled or tripled pawns move one after the other. The diagram at the right shows a particularly silly example, with White forcing mate in six moves. The solution is: Krabbé wrote a whole article on the caterpillar theme, citing about ten examples. The American composer William A. Shinkman is famous for composing the problem in the diagram, with sextupled pawns on the a-file. As Krabbé writes on his website, "The solution, as it should be in a joke, is not difficult: 1. 0-0-0 Kxa7 2. Rd8 Kxa6 3. Rd7 Kxa5 4. Rd6 Kxa4 5. Rd5 Kxa3 6. Rd4 Kxa2 7. Rd3 Ka1 8. Ra3#". The problem is "", however, because 1.Kd2 also forces mate in eight moves. But this problem was not intended to be a sound mate in eight, and was instead intended to be a proof game in 34 moves with seven consecutive captures by Black.
Humour in more traditional chess problems
Humour is a component of some traditional themes, such as grotesque and Excelsior. In 2004, Hans Böhm sponsored a chess composing tournament for humorous endgame studies. The top two entries appear with solutions on Krabbé's website.
Non-chess chess problems
In this kind of problem, although the problem is posed as a standard chess problem, the solution has nothing to do with chess moves. An example is this problem composed by British composer Thomas Rayner Dawson. In the position in the diagram, Black had decided to resign. White advised their opponent not to give up so quickly. "But I am bound to lose, and there is nothing I—or you, for that matter—can do", said Black. But White insisted: "I'll bet you $100 that I can lose this game!" So the two made the bet and White actually lost. They did not resign, lose on time, or anything like that. How did they lose? The solution is in the words: White did not lose the game, but rather the bet.
