Joseph Pérez was born in Laroque-d'Olmes in the Ariège department, which is in the south of France near the Spanish border. His parents were Spaniards who emigrated from Bocairent in Valencia. In 1955, he was named a lecturer of Spanish by the Superior University of Saint-Cloud. He completed his doctoral thesis in 1970. His thesis studied the Revolt of the Comuneros, and remains one of the leading scholarly books on the topics. Pérez became, and still is, a professor of Spanish and Latin American civilization at the University of Bordeaux 3. Pérez also served as a member of the Directorio del Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Pérez has worked to spread French and Spanish culture in both directions. He founded the La Maison des Pays Iberiques, a center for Spanish culture in France, and between 1989 and 1996 Pérez directed the Casa de Velázquez in Madrid, a French cultural institution funded by the French government dedicated to supporting interplay between France and Hispanic cultures.
Aside from books, Pérez has also written numerous articles, especially in Bulletin Hispanique, such as his well-received notes and introduction to El caballero de Olmedo by Lope de Vega.
La révolution des "Comunidades" de Castille Bordeaux: Institut d'Etudes Ibériques et Ibero-Américaines de l'Université, 1970, translated as La revolución de las comunidades de Castilla , Madrid: Siglo XXI de España, 1978
Los movimientos precursores de la emancipación en Hispanoamérica, Madrid: Alhambra, Madrid: Alhambra, 1977.
Histoire de l'Espagne, Paris: Fayard, 1997, translated as Historia de España, Barcelona: Crítica, 1999.
Isabel y Fernando, los Reyes Católicos, Fuenterrabía: Nerea, 2001
Historia de una tragedia: la expulsión de los judíos de España, Barcelona: Crítica, 1993
Lope de Vega, El caballero de Olmedo; edición, introducción y notas de Joseph Pérez. Madrid: Castalia, 1970
Charles Quint: empereur des deux mondes, coll. "Découvertes Gallimard", París: Gallimard, 1994, translated to Spanish as Carlos V, Madrid: Temas de Hoy, 1999.
L'Espagne de Philippe II Paris: Le grand livre du mois, 1999; translated to Spanish as La España de Felipe II, Barcelona: Crítica, 2000.
L'Espagne des Rois Catholiques Paris: Bordas, 1971
L'Espagne du XVIe siècle Paris: Armand Colin, 1973, later updated as La España del siglo XVI, Madrid: Anaya, 1998
Isabelle et Ferdinand, Rois Catholiques d'Espagne Paris: Fayard, 1988, translated to Spanish as Isabel y Fernando, los Reyes Católicos
Crónica de la Inquisición en España, Barcelona: Martínez Roca, 2002
Isabelle la Catholique: un modèle de chrétienté? Paris: Payot & Rivages, 2004
Los judíos en España, Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2005
La Inquisición española: crónica negra del Santo Oficio, Madrid: Martínez Roca, 2005
De l'humanisme aux Lumières: études sur l'Espagne et l'Amérique, Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 2000.