Steinberger was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Lausanne and then the University of Zurich, working alongside Claudia Binder. Steinberger was appointed Senior Researcher at the University of KlagenfurtInstitute of Social Ecology in 2007. Her research considers the relationships between the use of resources and performance of societies. She is interested identifying new development pathways toward a low carbon society. She joined the University of Leeds as an associate professor in ecological economics in 2011. She is a member of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy. Steinberger showed the greenhouse gas emissions of global cities depends on the relation between geophysical and technical factors. She has also investigated the textile chain, food waste and materials use. Steinberger is a member of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council iBUILD iBUILD. Steinberger is the Principal Investigator on the Leverhulme Trust Project Living Well Within Limits. The project investigates what the biophysical requirements are for human well-being, and the influence of social provisioning on the levels of resource associated with this. The project also looks to understand how the world's limited resources could be used to preserve human wellbeing. To achieve this, Steinberger believes it is necessary to define what a "good" life is, understand what the requirements are for wellbeing and the context surrounding international inequality. Steinberger has studied how humanity can maintain a good quality of life without damaging the planet. She argues that to achieve the United NationsSustainable Development Goals the world must move away from growth and toward an economic model that promotes sustainability and equity. Steinberger and colleagues visualised the relationship between national performance in several environmental sustainability indicators and social thresholds for a 'good life'. She has criticised the BBC's coverage of environmental issues, when environmental analyst Roger Harrabin endorsed the Government of the United Kingdom's actions on climate. Steinberger supports the work of Greta Thunberg and the school strike for climate activists. She was one of 238 academics who called for the European Union to limit economic growth and instead promote stability and wellbeing. Steinberger has been the Lead Author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 6th Assessment Report for Working Group 3. She was also Lead Author on the Urbanisation knowledge module of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Global Energy Assessment. She is on the Steering Committee of Future Earth.
Personal life
Steinberger is the daughter of Jack Steinberger and Cynthia Steinberger.