July 1930

[July 1], 1930 (Tuesday)

• At midnight, the Rhineland began month-long liberation celebrations with ringing bells, music and fireworks.
• In Chicago, Jack Zuta was questioned by police for his alleged involvement with the murder of journalist Jake Lingle. He was released that night and allowed a police escort when a rival gang drove up and fired on the policeman's car in an attempt to assassinate Zuta. A streetcar driver was killed and a night watchman wounded in the ensuing shootout on State Street.
• Born: Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-born filmmaker, in Aleppo

  [July 2], 1930 (Wednesday)

• Italy imposed a new automobile tariff aimed at American imports.
• Born: Carlos Menem, 47th President of Argentina, in Anillaco; Magdalen Redman, baseball player, in Waupun, Wisconsin; Ahmad Jamal, jazz pianist, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

  [July 3], 1930 (Thursday)

• Otto Strasser formed the Kampfgemeinschaft Revolutionärer Nationalsozialisten, more commonly known as the Black Front, as a left-wing splinter faction of the Nazi Party after his expulsion from that organization.
• Born: Carlos Kleiber, German-born Austrian conductor, in Berlin

  [July 4], 1930 (Friday)

• 13 were killed in a chemical factory explosion in Yorkshire.
• Helen Wills Moody defeated Elizabeth Ryan at the Ladies' Singles Final at Wimbledon.
• Brothers John and Kenneth Hunter established a new flight endurance record of 553 hours, 41 minutes and 30 seconds, flying a Stinson SM-1 Detroiter over the vicinity of Chicago, Illinois. The old record, set a year earlier, was bested by 133 hours.
• The Thuringian parliament tried to pass a motion of censure against Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick of the Nazi Party, but fell two votes short of the 27 required to force his resignation. Frick was accused of trying to "Nazify" the Thuringian police force.
• Born: Frunzik Mkrtchyan, actor, in Leninakan, Armenian SSR ; George Steinbrenner, businessman and sports team executive, in Rocky River, Ohio

  [July 5], 1930 (Saturday)

• Bill Tilden defeated Wilmer Allison, Jr. in the Gentlemen's Singles Final at Wimbledon.
• Died: Princess Marie Gasparine of Saxe-Altenburg, 85

  [July 6], 1930 (Sunday)

• 10 were injured in clashes between police and protestors in Pune who were making a procession to Yerwada Central Jail to pay homage to their jailed leader Mahatma Gandhi.
• Born: George Armstrong, ice hockey player, in Skead, Ontario, Canada

  [July 7], 1930 (Monday)

• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle died in the morning at his home in Crowborough. Before he died he made arrangements with his immediate family to contact them from the spirit world.
• 12,000 members of the Lapua Movement marched on Helsinki demanding legislation against left-wing elements.
• Died: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 71, Scottish writer

  [July 8], 1930 (Tuesday)

• King George V opened India House in London.
• Died: Sir Joseph Ward, 74, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand

  [July 9], 1930 (Wednesday)

• 151 were killed in a coal mine disaster in Hausdorf, Germany.
• Born: Buddy Bregman, musician, in Chicago, Illinois

  [July 10], 1930 (Thursday)

• France pledged to suspend the construction of warships for six months pending the possibility of a new naval conference with Italy.

  [July 11], 1930 (Friday)

• Germany's high court struck down prayers issued to Thuringian schools as unconstitutional because they manifested intolerance. The prayers were devised by Thuringian interior minister Wilhelm Frick and included lines such as, "I believe that thou wilt punish the betrayal of Germany and bless the actions of those who seek to free the Fatherland."
• Born: Harold Bloom, literary critic, in the Bronx, New York

  [July 12], 1930 (Saturday)

• Bobby Jones won his second straight and record-tying fourth U.S. Open golf title.
• 56 people were killed near Buenos Aires when a streetcar plunged into the river because the driver failed to see that the moveable bridge was up.

  [July 13], 1930 (Sunday)

• The inaugural FIFA World Cup tournament began in Uruguay.
• Almost 6,000 spiritualists gathered in the Royal Albert Hall for a memorial to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, attended by his relatives. The medium Estelle Roberts relayed a private message to Doyle's widow which she affirmed to be genuine.

  [July 14], 1930 (Monday)

• Italy agreed to join France in a six-month moratorium on warship construction.
• Born: Polly Bergen, actress and singer, in Knoxville, Tennessee

  [July 15], 1930 (Tuesday)

• 15 were killed and 220 wounded in rioting in the Egyptian city of Alexandria instigated by supporters of the Wafd Party.
• Jobless numbers in Great Britain topped 1.9 million.
• Born: Jacques Derrida, French philosopher, in El Biar, Algeria ; Betty Wagoner, baseball player, in Lebanon, Missouri
• Died: Leopold Auer, 85, Hungarian violinist, conductor and composer; Rudolph Schildkraut, 68, Austrian actor

  [July 16], 1930 (Wednesday)

• The Reichstag defeated Chancellor Heinrich Brüning's budget by a vote of 256-193, but President Paul von Hindenburg invoked Article 48 and forced its passage anyway.

  [July 17], 1930 (Thursday)

• Al Singer knocked out Sammy Mandell in the first round at Yankee Stadium to win boxing's World Lightweight Title.
• British Labour MP John Beckett seized the ceremonial mace and tried to leave the chamber with it as a protest against Fenner Brockway being suspended for trying to force a debate about India. Beckett was intercepted and the mace was retrieved by the Serjeant-at-Arms, then Beckett was himself suspended from the House over the incident.
• Bert Patenaude of the United States became the first player to achieve a hat-trick in World Cup play, during a game against Paraguay. This feat went unnoticed until 2006 when research by FIFA concluded that one of Patenaude's three goals had been wrongly credited to teammate Tom Florie.

  [July 18], 1930 (Friday)

• The Reichstag, led by the Social Democratic Party, voted 236-221 to demand a revocation of Hindenburg's decrees of July 16. Hindenburg responded by dissolving the Reichstag and calling new elections for September 14, meaning that the Brüning government could use Article 48 to govern in the meantime without requiring parliamentary assent.
• The second Challenge International de Tourisme, an international touring aircraft contest, began in Berlin.

  [July 19], 1930 (Saturday)

• 100 were injured in a train accident in Elizabeth, New Jersey.
• President Hindenburg began a "tour of triumph" in the liberated Rhineland. "The blackest days are over for our country", he told a gathering in Speyer.
• Died: Oku Yasukata, 83, Japanese general

  [July 20], 1930 (Sunday)

• Louis Chiron of Monaco won the European Grand Prix in Belgium.

  [July 21], 1930 (Monday)

• The U.S. Senate ratified the London Naval Treaty, making the United States the first of the five signatories to do so.
• Maxim Litvinov became the new Foreign Affairs Minister of the Soviet Union after Georgy Chicherin resigned for health reasons.

  [July 22], 1930 (Tuesday)

• Celebrations of the Rhineland's liberation were marred by tragedy after a pontoon bridge collapsed in Koblenz, killing 38.
• Born: Jeremy Lloyd, actor and screenwriter, in Danbury, Essex, England

  [July 23], 1930 (Wednesday)

• The 6.5 magnitude Irpinia earthquake in southern Italy caused 1,404 deaths.
• President Hindenburg attended a memorial service for the 38 victims of the Koblenz bridge tragedy at the town hall and then cancelled the remaining stops of his Rhineland tour.
• Died: Glenn Curtiss, 52, American aviation pioneer

  [July 24], 1930 (Thursday)

• The British House of Commons approved the London Naval Treaty.

  [July 25], 1930 (Friday)

• The Philadelphia Athletics executed a triple steal twice in the same game against the Cleveland Indians. This is the first and only time this feat has ever been accomplished in the history of major league baseball.
• Born: Murray Chapple, cricketer, in Christchurch, New Zealand ; Maureen Forrester, operatic contralto, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  [July 26], 1930 (Saturday)

• President Hindenburg used Article 48 to reissue the decrees that the Reichstag had voted to annul on July 18.
• Died: João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque 52, Brazilian politician ; Pavlos Karolidis, 80 or 81, Greek historian

  [July 27], 1930 (Sunday)

• André Leducq won the Tour de France.
• The German Democratic Party merged with the People's National Reich Association to form the German State Party.
• A tornado in Edirne, Turkey killed 20 and destroyed thousands of homes.

  [July 28], 1930 (Monday)

• The Conservative Party led by R. B. Bennett won the Canadian federal election.
• In the Chinese Civil War, the Communists overran and occupied Changsha.
• Born: Jean Roba, comics author, in Schaerbeek, Belgium
• Died: Allvar Gullstrand, 68, Swedish ophthalmologist, optician and Nobel laureate

  [July 29], 1930 (Tuesday)

• The House of Lords passed the London Naval Treaty.
• Born: Paul Taylor, choreographer, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

  [July 30], 1930 (Wednesday)

• Uruguay defeated Argentina 4-2 in the FIFA World Cup Final at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo.
• Born: Gus Triandos, baseball player, in San Francisco, California
• Died: Joan Gamper, 52, Swiss footballer and club president

  [July 31], 1930 (Thursday)

• The pulp character known as "The Shadow" first appeared, as the mysterious narrator of Street & Smith's Detective Story Hour, a new program on CBS Radio.
• The Alfred Hitchcock-directed film Murder! was released.