July 21 Events 356 BC - The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus , one of the Seven Wonders of the World , is destroyed by arson . 230 - Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope . 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler. 365 - The 365 Crete earthquake affects the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI, causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt , especially Alexandria . Many thousands were killed. 905 - King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona . King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath. 1242 - Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan . 1403 - Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire , England. 1545 - The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight . 1568 - Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau . 1645 - Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus . 1656 - The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War . 1718 - The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire , Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed. 1774 - Russo-Turkish War : Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war. 1798 - French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids . 1831 - Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium , first king of the Belgians . 1861 - American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia , the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army. 1865 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri , Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown. 1873 - At Adair, Iowa , Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West . 1877 - After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia. 1904 - Louis Rigolly , a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend , Belgium. 1907 - The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California , killing 88 people. 1919 - The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago , killing 12 people. 1925 - Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee , high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100. 1925 - Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of. 1936 - Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia . 1944 - World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam , starting a battle that will end on August 10 . 1944 - World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. 1949 - The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty . 1952 - The 7.3 Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI, killing 12 and injuring hundreds. 1954 - First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam . 1959 -, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative. 1959 - Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox , the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox . 1960 - Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka , becoming the world's first female head of government 1961 - Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space. 1969 - Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon . 1970 - After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed. 1972 - The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130. 1973 - In Lillehammer, Norway , Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre . 1976 - Christopher Ewart-Biggs , the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland , is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. 1977 - The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War . 1979 - Jay Silverheels , a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame . 1983 - The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station , Antarctica at. 1990 - Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian , causing 25 people to die from suffocation. 1995 - Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan. 2001 - At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo , Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect. 2005 - July 2005 London bombings occur. 2008 - Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first president of Nepal. 2011 - NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center . 2012 - Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.Births 541 - Emperor Wen of Sui , emperor of the Sui Dynasty 1030 - Kyansittha , King of Burma 1414 - Pope Sixtus IV 1462 - Queen Jeonghyeon , Korean royal consort 1476 - Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara 1476 - Anna Sforza , Italian noble 1515 - Philip Neri , Italian Roman Catholic saint 1535 - García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete , Royal Governor of Chile 1616 - Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria 1620 - Jean Picard , French astronomer 1648 - John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee , Scottish general 1654 - Pedro Calungsod , Filipino catechist and sacristan; later canonized 1664 - Matthew Prior , English poet and diplomat, British Ambassador to France 1693 - Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle , English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1710 - Paul Möhring , German physician, botanist, and zoologist 1783 - Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon , French general 1808 - Simion Bărnuțiu , Romanian historian, academic, and politician 1810 - Henri Victor Regnault , French chemist and physicist 1811 - Robert Mackenzie , Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Queensland 1816 - Paul Reuter , German-English journalist, founded Reuters 1858 - Maria Christina of Austria 1858 - Lovis Corinth , German painter 1858 - Alfred Henry O'Keeffe , New Zealand painter and educator 1863 - C. Aubrey Smith, English-American cricketer and actor 1866 - Carlos Schwabe , Swiss Symbolist painter and printmaker 1870 - Emil Orlík , Czech painter, etcher, and lithographer 1875 - Charles Gondouin , French rugby player and tug of war competitor 1880 - Milan Rastislav Štefánik , Slovak astronomer, general, and politician 1882 - David Burliuk , Ukrainian author and illustrator 1885 - Jacques Feyder , Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter 1891 - Julius Saaristo , Finnish javelin thrower and soldier 1893 - Hans Fallada , German author 1896 - Sophie Bledsoe Aberle , Native American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist 1898 - Sara Carter , American singer-songwriter 1899 - Hart Crane , American poet 1899 - Ernest Hemingway , American novelist, short story writer , and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate 1900 - Isadora Bennett , American theatre manager and modern dance publicity agent 1903 - Russell Lee , American photographer and journalist 1903 - Roy Neuberger , American businessman and financier, co-founded Neuberger Berman 1908 - Jug McSpaden , American golfer and architect 1911 - Marshall McLuhan , Canadian author and theorist 1911 - Umashankar Joshi , Indian author, poet, and scholar 1914 - Aleksander Kreek , Estonian shot putter and discus thrower 1917 - Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer and jurist 1920 - Constant Nieuwenhuys , Dutch painter, sculptor, and illustrator 1920 - Isaac Stern , Polish violinist and conductor 1920 - Jean Daniel , Algerian-French-Jewish journalist and author 1921 - James Cooke Brown , American sociologist and author 1921 - John Horsley , English actor 1921 - Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa , Zulu sangoma 1922 - Kay Starr , American singer 1922 - Mollie Sugden , English actress 1923 - Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1923 - Queenie Watts , English actress and singer 1924 - Rahimuddin Khan , Pakistani general and politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan 1924 - Don Knotts , American actor and screenwriter 1926 - Paul Burke , American actor 1925 - Johnny Peirson , Canadian hockey player 1926 - Norman Jewison , Canadian actor, director, and producer 1926 - Bill Pertwee , English actor 1926 - Karel Reisz , Czech-English director and producer 1928 - Sky Low Low , Canadian wrestler 1929 - Bob Orton , American wrestler 1930 - Anand Bakshi , Indian poet and songwriter 1930 - Helen Merrill , American singer 1931 - Sonny Clark , American pianist and composer 1931 - Plas Johnson , American saxophonist 1931 - Leon Schidlowsky , Chilean-Israeli painter and composer 1932 - Kaye Stevens , American singer and actress 1933 - John Gardner , American novelist, essayist, and critic 1934 - Chandu Borde , Indian cricketer and manager 1934 - Jonathan Miller , English actor, director, and author 1935 - Norbert Blüm , German businessman and politician 1935 - Moe Drabowsky , Polish-American baseball player and coach 1937 - Eduard Streltsov , Soviet footballer 1938 - Les Aspin , American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense 1938 - Anton Kuerti , Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor 1938 - Janet Reno , American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General 1939 - Jamey Aebersold , American saxophonist and educator 1939 - Kim Fowley , American singer-songwriter, producer, and manager 1939 - John Negroponte , English-American diplomat, 23rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations 1943 - Fritz Glatz , Austrian race car driver 1943 - Edward Herrmann , American actor 1943 - Henry McCullough , Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter 1943 - Robert Shrum , American author and political advisor 1944 - John Atta Mills , Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana 1944 - Buchi Emecheta , Nigerian author and academic 1944 - Paul Wellstone , American academic and politician 1945 - Wendy Cope , English poet, critic, and educator 1945 - Geoff Dymock , Australian cricketer 1945 - Barry Richards , South African cricketer 1946 - Ken Starr , American lawyer and judge, 39th Solicitor General of the United States 1946 - Timothy Harris , American author, screenwriter and producer 1947 - Chetan Chauhan , Indian cricketer and politician 1948 - Art Hindle , Canadian actor and director 1948 - Cat Stevens , English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1948 - Garry Trudeau , American cartoonist 1949 - Christina Hart , American playwright and actress 1949 - Hirini Melbourne , New Zealand singer-songwriter and poet 1950 - Ubaldo Fillol , Argentinian footballer and coach 1950 - Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer , English politician, Minister of State for Transport 1951 - Richard Gozney , English politician and diplomat, 30th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man , 139th Governor of Bermuda 1951 - Robin Williams , American actor, singer, and producer 1952 - John Barrasso , American physician and politician 1952 - Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah , Malaysian economist 1953 - Eric Bazilian , American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer 1953 - Jeff Fatt , Australian keyboard player and actor 1953 - Bernie Fraser , New Zealand rugby player 1953 - Brian Talbot , English footballer and manager 1955 - Howie Epstein , American bass player, songwriter, and producer 1955 - Dannel Malloy , American lawyer and politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut 1955 - Henry Priestman , English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer 1955 - Taco , Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer 1955 - Béla Tarr , Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter 1956 - Michael Connelly , American author 1957 - Stefan Löfven , Swedish trade union leader and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden 1957 - Jon Lovitz , American comedian, actor, and producer 1958 - Dave Henderson , American baseball player and sportscaster 1959 - Gene Miles , Australian rugby league player and sportscaster 1959 - Reha Muhtar , Turkish journalist 1959 - Paul Vautin , Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster 1960 - Amar Singh Chamkila , Indian singer-songwriter 1960 - Veselin Matić , Serbian basketball player and coach 1960 - Fritz Walter , German footballer 1961 - Morris Iemma , Australian politician, 40th Premier of New South Wales 1961 - Jim Martin , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 - Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale , English businessman 1963 - Kevin Poole , English footballer and manager 1963 - Giant Silva , Brazilian basketball player, mixed martial artist, and wrestler 1964 - Steve Collins , Irish boxer and actor 1964 - Ross Kemp , English actor and producer 1964 - Jens Weißflog , German ski jumper and journalist 1965 - Guðni Bergsson , Icelandic footballer and lawyer 1965 - Mike Bordick , American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster 1966 - Arija Bareikis , American actress 1966 - Sarah Waters , Welsh author and academic 1968 - Brandi Chastain , American soccer player and sportscaster 1968 - Aditya Srivastava , Indian actor 1968 - Lyle Odelein , Canadian ice hockey player 1969 - Godfrey , American comedian and actor 1969 - Klaus Graf , German race car driver 1969 - Emerson Hart , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1969 - Isabell Werth , German equestrian 1970 - Michael Fitzpatrick , American singer-songwriter 1971 - Emmanuel Bangué , French long jumper 1971 - Charlotte Gainsbourg , English-French actress and singer 1971 - Nitzan Shirazi , Israeli footballer and manager 1972 - Korey Cooper , American singer and guitarist 1972 - Catherine Ndereba , Kenyan marathon runner 1974 - Geoff Jenkins , American baseball player and coach 1974 - René Reinumägi , Estonian actor, director, and screenwriter 1975 - Christopher Barzak , American author and educator 1975 - Cara Dillon , Irish singer-songwriter 1975 - Ravindra Pushpakumara , Sri Lankan cricketer 1975 - Mike Sellers , American football player 1976 - Jaime Murray , English actress 1977 - Paul Casey , English golfer 1978 - Justin Bartha , American actor 1978 - Anderson da Silva Gibin , Brazilian footballer 1978 - Josh Hartnett , American actor 1978 - Julian Huppert , English academic and politician 1978 - Damian Marley , Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer 1978 - Gary Teale , Scottish footballer 1979 - David Carr , American football player 1979 - Tamika Catchings , American basketball player 1979 - Luis Ernesto Michel , Mexican footballer 1979 - Andriy Voronin , Ukrainian footballer 1980 - Justin Griffith , American football player 1980 - Sandra Laoura , French skier 1980 - CC Sabathia , American baseball player 1980 - Yvonne Sampson , Australian journalist and sportscaster 1981 - Paloma Faith , English singer-songwriter and actress 1981 - Anabelle Langlois , Canadian figure skater 1981 - Joaquín , Spanish footballer 1981 - Romeo Santos , American singer-songwriter 1981 - Stefan Schumacher , German cyclist 1982 - Jason Cram , Australian swimmer 1982 - Mao Kobayashi , Japanese newscaster and actress 1984 - Jurrick Juliana , Dutch footballer 1984 - Liam Ridgewell , English footballer 1985 - Mati Lember , Estonian footballer 1985 - Von Wafer , American basketball player 1986 - Anthony Annan , Ghanaian footballer 1986 - Rebecca Ferguson , American-English singer-songwriter 1986 - Jason Thompson , American basketball player 1987 - Bilel Mohsni , French footballer 1987 - Jesús Zavala , Mexican footballer 1988 - KB , American rapper 1988 - DeAndre Jordan , American basketball player 1988 - Chris Mitchell , Scottish footballer 1989 - Marco Fabián , Mexican footballer 1989 - Juno Temple , English actress 1990 - Chris Martin , English footballer 1990 - Jason Roy , English cricketer 1990 - Erislandy Savón , Cuban amateur heavyweight boxer 1990 - Franck Elemba , Congolese athlete 1991 - Sara Sampaio , Portuguese model 1992 - Rachael Flatt , American figure skater 1996 - Mikael Ingebrigtsen , Norwegian footballerDeaths 658 - K'an II , Mayan ruler 710 - Li Guo'er , princess of the Tang dynasty 710 - Wei , empress of the Tang Dynasty 710 - Shangguan Wan'er , Chinese poet 987 - Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou 1259 - Gojong of Goryeo 1403 - Henry Percy , English soldier 1403 - Sir Walter Blount , English soldier, standard-bearer of Henry IV 1403 - Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford , English soldier 1425 - Manuel II Palaiologos , Byzantine emperor 1552 - Antonio de Mendoza , Spanish politician, 1st Viceroy of New Spain 1688 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde , English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1793 - Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux]French admiral, explorer, and politician 1796 - Robert Burns , Scottish poet and songwriter 1798 - François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt , Austrian field marshal 1798 - Anthony Perry , Irish rebel leader 1868 - William Bland , Australian surgeon and politician 1878 - Sam Bass , American outlaw 1880 - Hiram Walden , American general and politician 1889 - Nelson Dewey , American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin 1899 - Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician 1920 - Fiammetta Wilson , English astronomer and educator 1932 - Bill Gleason , American baseball player 1934 - Hubert Lyautey , French general and politician, French Minister of Defence 1938 - Owen Wister , American lawyer and author 1941 - Bohdan Lepky , Ukrainian poet and scholar 1943 - Charley Paddock , American runner and actor 1943 - Louis Vauxcelles , French Jewish art critic 1944 - Claus von Stauffenberg, German soldier 1946 - Gualberto Villarroel , Bolivian soldier and politician, 45th President of Bolivia 1948 - Arshile Gorky , Armenian-American painter and illustrator 1952 - Pedro Lascuráin , Mexican politician, president for 45 minutes on February 13, 1913. 1966 - Philipp Frank , Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Vienna Circle member 1967 - Jimmie Foxx , American baseball player, coach, and manager 1967 - Albert Lutuli , South African academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate 1967 - Basil Rathbone , South African-American actor and singer 1968 - Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer 1970 - Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov , Russian anthropologist and sculptor 1970 - Bob Kalsu , American football player and lieutenant 1972 - Ralph Craig , American sprinter and sailor 1972 - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , Bhutanese king 1977 - Lee Miller , American model and photographer 1982 - Dave Garroway , American journalist and actor 1991 - Paul Warwick , English race car driver 1994 - Marijac , French author and illustrator 1997 - Olaf Kopvillem , Estonian-Canadian conductor and composer 1998 - Alan Shepard , American admiral, pilot, and astronaut 1998 - Robert Young , American actor and singer 2000 - Marc Reisner , American environmentalist and author 2002 - Esphyr Slobodkina , Russian-American author and illustrator 2003 - John Davies , English-New Zealand runner and coach 2004 - Jerry Goldsmith , American composer and conductor 2004 - Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate 2005 - Long John Baldry , English-Canadian singer and actor 2005 - Lord Alfred Hayes , English-American wrestler and manager 2006 - Mako Iwamatsu , Japanese-American actor and singer 2006 - Ta Mok , Cambodian soldier and monk 2007 - Dubravko Škiljan , Croatian linguist and academic 2008 - Donald Stokes , English businessman 2010 - Luis Corvalán , Chilean educator and politician 2010 - Ralph Houk , American baseball player, coach, and manager 2010 - John E. Irving, Canadian businessman 2012 - Alexander Cockburn , Scottish-American journalist and author 2012 - Marie Kruckel , American baseball player 2012 - Ali Podrimja , Albanian poet and author 2012 - James D. Ramage, American admiral and pilot 2012 - Angharad Rees , English-born Welsh actress 2012 - Don Wilson , English cricketer and coach 2013 - Andrea Antonelli , Italian motorcycle racer 2013 - Lourembam Brojeshori Devi , Indian martial artist 2013 - Det de Beus , Dutch field hockey player 2013 - Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom , Colombian-French composer and educator 2013 - Fred Taylor , American football player and coach 2014 - Louise Abeita , Isleta Pueblo writer, poet, and educator 2014 - Dan Borislow , American businessman, invented the magicJack 2014 - Lettice Curtis , English engineer and pilot 2014 - Hans-Peter Kaul , German lawyer and judge 2014 - Rilwanu Lukman , Nigerian engineer and politician 2014 - Kevin Skinner , New Zealand rugby player and boxer 2015 - Robert Broberg , Swedish singer-songwriter 2015 - E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright 2015 - Nicholas Gonzalez , American physician 2015 - Czesław Marchaj , Polish-English sailor and academic 2015 - Dick Nanninga , Dutch footballer 2016 - Dennis Green , American football player and coach 2017 - John Heard , American film and television actor 2018 - Alene Duerk , U.S. Navy first female admiral 2020 - Annie Ross , Scottish-American singer and actressHolidays and observances Christian feast day: * Albert John Luthuli * Arbogast * Barhadbesciabas * Carlos of Brazil * Daniel * Lawrence of Brindisi * Praxedes * Victor of Marseilles * July 21 Liberation Day in 1944 Belgian National Day Racial Harmony Day Summer Kazanskaya
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