July 3

Events

• 324 - Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
• 987 - Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792.
• 1035 - William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigns until 1087.
• 1608 - Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
• 1754 - French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.
• 1767 - Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret.
• 1767 - Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• 1778 - American Revolutionary War: Iroquois allied to Britain kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre.
• 1819 - The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
• 1839 - The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.
• 1844 - The last pair of great auks is killed.
• 1848 - Governor-General Peter von Scholten emancipates all remaining slaves in the Danish West Indies.
• 1849 - France invades the Roman Republic and restores the Papal States.
• 1852 - Congress establishes the United States' 2nd mint in San Francisco.
• 1863 - American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett's Charge.
• 1866 - Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgrätz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria.
• 1884 - Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average.
• 1886 - Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile.
• 1886 - The New-York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand.
• 1890 - Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
• 1898 - A Spanish squadron, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, is defeated by an American squadron under William T. Sampson in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
• 1913 - Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors.
• 1938 - World speed record for a steam locomotive is set in England, by the Mallard, which reaches a speed of.
• 1938 - United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at Gettysburg Battlefield.
• 1940 - World War II: The Royal Navy attacks the French naval squadron in Algeria, to ensure that it will not fall under German control. Of the four French battleships present, one is sunk, two are damaged, and one escapes back to France.
• 1944 - World War II: The Minsk Offensive clears German troops from the city.
• 1952 - The Constitution of Puerto Rico is approved by the United States Congress.
• 1952 - The sets sail on her maiden voyage to Southampton. During the voyage, the ship takes the Blue Riband away from the.
• 1967 - The Aden Emergency: The Battle of the Crater in which the British Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders retake the Crater district following the Arab Police mutiny.
• 1969 - Space Race: The biggest explosion in the history of rocketry occurs when the Soviet N-1 rocket explodes and subsequently destroys its launchpad.
• 1970 - The Troubles: The "Falls Curfew" begins in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
• 1970 - Dan-Air Flight 1903 crashes into the Les Agudes mountain in the Montseny Massif near the village of Arbúcies in Catalonia, Spain, killing all 112 people aboard.
• 1979 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
• 1988 - United States Navy warship shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard.
• 1988 - The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus.
• 1996 - British Prime Minister John Major announced the Stone of Scone would be returned to Scotland.
• 2013 - Egyptian coup d'état: President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi is overthrown by the military after four days of protests all over the country calling for Morsi's resignation, to which he did not respond. President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt Adly Mansour is declared acting president.

  Births

• 321 - Valentinian I, Roman emperor
• 1423 - Louis XI of France
• 1442 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan
• 1518 - Li Shizhen, Chinese physician and mineralogist
• 1530 - Claude Fauchet, French historian and author
• 1534 - Myeongjong of Joseon, Ruler of Korea
• 1550 - Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer
• 1569 - Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge
• 1683 - Edward Young, English poet, dramatist and literary critic
• 1685 - Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, English field marshal and politician
• 1728 - Robert Adam, Scottish-English architect, designed Culzean Castle
• 1738 - John Singleton Copley, American painter
• 1778 - Carl Ludvig Engel, German architect
• 1789 - Johann Friedrich Overbeck, German-Italian painter and engraver
• 1814 - Ferdinand Didrichsen, Danish botanist and physicist
• 1823 - Ahmed Vefik Pasha, Greek-Ottoman statesman, diplomat, playwright, and translator
• 1844 - Dankmar Adler, German-born American architect and engineer
• 1846 - Achilles Alferaki, Russian composer and politician, Governor of Taganrog
• 1851 - Charles Bannerman, English-Australian cricketer and umpire
• 1854 - Leoš Janáček, Czech composer and theorist
• 1860 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American sociologist and author
• 1866 - Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter
• 1869 - Svend Kornbeck, Danish actor
• 1870 - R. B. Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Canada
• 1871 - William Henry Davies, Welsh poet and writer
• 1874 - Jean Collas, French rugby player and tug of war competitor
• 1875 - Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon and academic
• 1876 - Ralph Barton Perry, American philosopher and academic
• 1878 - George M. Cohan, American songwriter, actor, singer, and dancer
• 1879 - Alfred Korzybski, Polish-American mathematician, linguist, and philosopher
• 1880 - Carl Schuricht, Polish-German conductor
• 1883 - Franz Kafka, Czech-Austrian author
• 1886 - Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Philippines
• 1888 - Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Spanish author and playwright
• 1889 - Richard Cramer, American actor
• 1893 - Sándor Bortnyik, Hungarian painter and graphic designer
• 1896 - Doris Lloyd, English actress
• 1897 - Jesse Douglas, American mathematician and academic
• 1898 - Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece
• 1900 - Alessandro Blasetti, Italian director and screenwriter
• 1901 - Ruth Crawford Seeger, American composer
• 1903 - Ace Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1905 - Johnny Gibson, American hurdler and coach
• 1906 - George Sanders, Russian-born British actor
• 1908 - M. F. K. Fisher, American author
• 1908 - Robert B. Meyner, American lawyer and politician, 44th Governor of New Jersey
• 1909 - Stavros Niarchos, Greek shipping magnate
• 1910 - Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer
• 1911 - Joe Hardstaff Jr., English cricketer
• 1913 - Dorothy Kilgallen, American journalist, actress, and author
• 1916 - John Kundla, American basketball player and coach
• 1917 - João Saldanha, Brazilian footballer, manager, and journalist
• 1918 - S. V. Ranga Rao, Indian actor, director, and producer
• 1918 - Johnny Palmer, American golfer
• 1919 - Cecil FitzMaurice, 8th Earl of Orkney
• 1919 - Gerald W. Thomas, American soldier and academic
• 1920 - Eddy Paape, Belgian illustrator
• 1920 - Paul O'Dea, American baseball player and manager
• 1921 - Susan Peters, American actress
• 1921 - François Reichenbach, French director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1922 - Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, Belgian painter and sculptor
• 1922 - Theo Brokmann Jr., Dutch football player
• 1924 - Amalia Aguilar, Cuban-Mexican film actress and dancer
• 1924 - S. R. Nathan, 6th President of Singapore
• 1925 - Terry Moriarty, Australian rules footballer
• 1925 - Danny Nardico, American professional boxer
• 1925 - Philip Jamison, American artist
• 1926 - Johnny Coles, American trumpet player
• 1926 - Rae Allen, American actress, singer, and director
• 1926 - Laurence Street, Australian jurist and former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales
• 1927 - Ken Russell, English actor, director, and producer
• 1927 - Tim O'Connor, American actor
• 1928 - Evelyn Anthony, English author
• 1929 - Clément Perron, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1929 - Joanne Herring, American socialite, businesswoman, political activist, philanthropist, diplomat, and television talk show host
• 1930 - Pete Fountain, American clarinet player
• 1930 - Carlos Kleiber, German-Austrian conductor
• 1930 - Tommy Tedesco, American guitarist
• 1932 - Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman
• 1933 - Edward Brandt, Jr., American physician and mathematician
• 1935 - Cheo Feliciano, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter
• 1935 - Harrison Schmitt, American geologist, astronaut, and politician
• 1936 - Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill, English lawyer and politician
• 1936 - Baard Owe, Norwegian-Danish actor
• 1937 - Nicholas Maxwell, English philosopher and academic
• 1937 - Tom Stoppard, Czech-English playwright and screenwriter
• 1938 - Jean Aitchison, English linguist and academic
• 1939 - Brigitte Fassbaender, German soprano and director
• 1939 - László Kovács, Hungarian politician and diplomat, Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1939 - Coco Laboy, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1940 - Lamar Alexander, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Education
• 1940 - Jerzy Buzek, Polish engineer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Poland
• 1940 - Lance Larson, American swimmer
• 1940 - César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1941 - Gloria Allred, American lawyer and activist
• 1941 - Liamine Zéroual, Algerian politician, 4th President of Algeria
• 1942 - Eddy Mitchell, French singer-songwriter
• 1943 - Gary Waldhorn, British actor
• 1943 - Judith Durham, Australian folk-pop singer-songwriter and musician
• 1943 - Kurtwood Smith, American actor
• 1943 - Norman E. Thagard, American astronaut
• 1945 - Michael Cole, American actor
• 1945 - Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn, Scottish politician, Speaker of the House of Commons
• 1946 - Johnny Lee, American singer and guitarist
• 1946 - Leszek Miller, Polish political scientist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Poland
• 1946 - Michael Shea, American author
• 1947 - Dave Barry, American journalist and author
• 1947 - Betty Buckley, American actress and singer
• 1947 - Mike Burton, American swimmer
• 1948 - Paul Barrere, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1948 - Tarmo Koivisto, Finnish author and illustrator
• 1949 - Susan Penhaligon, English actress
• 1949 - John Verity, English guitarist
• 1949 - Johnnie Wilder, Jr., American singer
• 1949 - Bo Xilai, Chinese politician, Chinese Minister of Commerce
• 1950 - Ewen Chatfield, New Zealand cricketer
• 1950 - James Hahn, American judge and politician, 40th Mayor of Los Angeles
• 1951 - Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haitian politician, 41st President of Haiti
• 1951 - Richard Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer and footballer
• 1952 - Laura Branigan, American singer-songwriter
• 1952 - Lu Colombo, Italian singer
• 1952 - Andy Fraser, English singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1952 - Carla Olson, American singer-songwriter and music producer
• 1952 - Wasim Raja, Pakistani cricketer
• 1952 - Amit Kumar, Indian film playback singer, actor, director, music director and musician
• 1953 - Lotta Sollander, Swedish alpine skier
• 1954 - Les Cusworth, English rugby player
• 1955 - Claude Rajotte, Canadian radio and television host
• 1956 - Montel Williams, American talk show host and television personality
• 1957 - Poly Styrene, British musician
• 1958 - Matthew Fraser, Canadian-English journalist and academic
• 1958 - Charlie Higson, English actor, singer, and author
• 1958 - Siân Lloyd, Welsh meteorologist and journalist
• 1958 - Didier Mouron, Swiss-Canadian painter
• 1958 - Aaron Tippin, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1959 - Julie Burchill, English journalist and author
• 1959 - Ian Maxtone-Graham, American screenwriter and producer
• 1959 - Stephen Pearcy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1959 - David Shore, Canadian screenwriter and producer
• 1960 - Vince Clarke, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
• 1962 - Scott Borchetta, American record executive and entrepreneur
• 1962 - Tom Cruise, American actor and producer
• 1964 - Yeardley Smith, American actress, voice actress, comedian and writer
• 1965 - Shinya Hashimoto, Japanese wrestler
• 1965 - Connie Nielsen, Danish-American actress
• 1965 - Komsan Pohkong, Thai lawyer and academic
• 1965 - Christophe Ruer, French pentathlete
• 1966 - Moisés Alou, American baseball player
• 1967 - Katy Clark, Scottish lawyer and politician
• 1968 - Ramush Haradinaj, Kosovo-Albanian soldier and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Kosovo
• 1970 - Serhiy Honchar, Ukrainian cyclist
• 1970 - Audra McDonald, American actress and singer
• 1970 - Teemu Selänne, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1971 - Julian Assange, Australian journalist, publisher, and activist, founded WikiLeaks
• 1973 - Paul Rauhihi, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1973 - Ólafur Stefánsson, Icelandic handball player
• 1973 - Fyodor Tuvin, Russian footballer
• 1976 - Wade Belak, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Henry Olonga, Zimbabwean cricketer and sportscaster
• 1976 - Wanderlei Silva, Brazilian-American mixed martial artist
• 1976 - Bobby Skinstad, Zimbabwean-South African rugby union player
• 1977 - David Bowens, American football player
• 1978 - Mizuki Noguchi, Japanese runner
• 1979 - Jamie Grove, English cricketer
• 1980 - Mazharul Haque, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1980 - Roland Schoeman, South African swimmer
• 1980 - Harbhajan Singh, Indian cricketer
• 1983 - Edinson Vólquez, Dominican baseball player
• 1984 - Manny Lawson, American football player
• 1984 - Churandy Martina, Dutch sprinter
• 1984 - Corey Sevier, Canadian actor and producer
• 1986 - Marco Antônio de Mattos Filho, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 - Kisenosato Yutaka, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1987 - Sebastian Vettel, German race car driver
• 1988 - Winston Reid, New Zealand-Danish footballer
• 1988 - Vladislav Sesganov, Russian figure skater
• 1988 - James Troisi, Australian footballer
• 1989 - Mitchell Dodds, Australian rugby league player
• 1989 - Elle King, American singer, songwriter, and actress
• 1990 - Nathan Gardner, Australian rugby league player
• 1990 - Bobby Hopkinson, English footballer
• 1990 - Lucas Mendes, Brazilian footballer
• 1991 - Alison Howie, Scottish field hockey player
• 1991 - Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, Russian tennis player
• 1992 - Will Smith, Australian rugby league player
• 1994 - Ben Winchell, American actor

  Deaths

• 458 - Anatolius of Constantinople, Byzantine patriarch and saint
• 710 - Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
• 896 - Dong Chang, Chinese warlord
• 964 - Henry I, Frankish nobleman and archbishop
• 1090 - Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen
• 1288 - Stephen de Fulbourn, English-born Irish cleric and politician
• 1503 - Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
• 1570 - Aonio Paleario, Italian academic and reformer
• 1642 - Marie de' Medici, French queen consort and regent
• 1672 - Francis Willughby, English ornithologist and ichthyologist
• 1749 - William Jones, Welsh-English mathematician and academic
• 1790 - Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French geologist and mineralogist
• 1795 - Louis-Georges de Bréquigny, French scholar and author
• 1795 - Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general, astronomer, and politician, 1st Colonial Governor of Louisiana
• 1809 - Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright
• 1863 - George Hull Ward, American general
• 1863 - Little Crow, American tribal leader
• 1881 - Hasan Tahsini, Albanian astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher
• 1887 - Clay Allison, American rancher
• 1888 - Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Vietnamese poet and author
• 1904 - Édouard Beaupré, Canadian giant and strongman
• 1904 - Theodor Herzl, Austrian journalist and playwright
• 1908 - Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist and author
• 1916 - Hetty Green, American businesswoman and financier
• 1918 - Mehmed V, Ottoman sultan
• 1921 - James Mitchel, Irish-American weight thrower
• 1927 - Gérard de Courcelles, French race car driver
• 1933 - Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian educator and politician, 19th President of Argentina
• 1935 - André Citroën, French engineer and businessman, founded the Citroën Company
• 1937 - Jacob Schick, American-Canadian captain and businessman, invented the electric razor
• 1940 - Nicolae Bivol, Moldovan businessman and politician, Mayor of Chișinău
• 1941 - Friedrich Akel, Estonian physician and politician, Head of State of Estonia
• 1954 - Siegfried Handloser, German physician and general
• 1954 - Reginald Marsh, French-American painter, illustrator, and academic
• 1957 - Dolf Luque, Cuban baseball player and manager
• 1957 - Richard Mohaupt, German composer and Kapellmeister
• 1958 - Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, English politician, 4th Governor-General of New Zealand
• 1969 - Brian Jones, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1971 - Jim Morrison, American singer-songwriter
• 1974 - John Crowe Ransom, American poet and critic
• 1977 - Alexander Volkov, Russian mathematician and author
• 1978 - James Daly, American actor
• 1979 - Louis Durey, French pianist and composer
• 1981 - Ross Martin, American actor and director
• 1985 - Frank J. Selke, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1986 - Rudy Vallée, American singer, saxophonist, and actor
• 1989 - Jim Backus, American actor and voice artist
• 1993 - Don Drysdale, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1994 - Lew Hoad, Australian tennis player and coach
• 1995 - Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player
• 1995 - Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1998 - Danielle Bunten Berry, American game designer and programmer
• 1999 - Mark Sandman, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1999 - Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina, Russian mathematician
• 1999 - Manoj Kumar Pandey,Param Vir ChakraIndian army personnel
• 2001 - Mordecai Richler, Canadian author and screenwriter
• 2001 - Johnny Russell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 2004 - Andriyan Nikolayev, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut
• 2005 - Alberto Lattuada, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter
• 2005 - Gaylord Nelson, American lawyer and politician, 35th Governor of Wisconsin
• 2006 - Joseph Goguen, American computer scientist, developed the OBJ programming language
• 2007 - Boots Randolph, American saxophonist
• 2008 - Clive Hornby, English actor and drummer
• 2008 - Oliver Schroer, Canadian fiddler, composer, and producer
• 2009 - Alauddin Al-Azad, Bangladeshi author and poet
• 2009 - John Keel, American journalist and author
• 2010 - Abu Daoud, Palestinian terrorist, planned the Munich massacre
• 2011 - Ali Bahar, Bahraini singer and guitarist
• 2012 - Nguyễn Hữu Có, Vietnamese general and politician
• 2012 - Andy Griffith, American actor, singer, and producer
• 2012 - Yvonne B. Miller, American educator and politician
• 2012 - Sergio Pininfarina, Italian engineer and politician
• 2012 - Richard Alvin Tonry, American lawyer and politician
• 2013 - Roman Bengez, Slovenian footballer and manager
• 2013 - Francis Ray, American author
• 2013 - PJ Torokvei, Canadian actress and screenwriter
• 2013 - Radu Vasile, Romanian historian and politician, 57th Prime Minister of Romania
• 2013 - Bernard Vitet, French trumpet player and composer
• 2013 - Snoo Wilson, English playwright and screenwriter
• 2014 - Jini Dellaccio, American photographer
• 2014 - Tim Flood, Irish hurler and coach
• 2014 - Volkmar Groß, German footballer
• 2014 - Ira Ruskin, American politician
• 2014 - Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Ukrainian-American rabbi and author
• 2015 - Diana Douglas, British-American actress
• 2015 - Boyd K. Packer, American religious leader and educator
• 2015 - Wayne Townsend, American farmer and politician
• 2015 - Phil Walsh, Australian footballer and coach
• 2020 - Saroj Khan, Indian dance choreographer, known as "The Mother of Dance/Choreography in India".

  Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
• *Anatolius of Constantinople
• *Anatolius of Laodicea
• *Dathus
• *Germanus of Man
• *Gurthiern
• *Heliodorus of Altino
• *Mucian
• *Peregrina Mogas Fontcuberta
• *Pope Leo II
• *Thomas the Apostle
• *July 3
• Emancipation Day
• Independence Day, celebrates the liberation of Minsk from Nazi occupation by Soviet troops in 1944
• The start of the Dog Days according to the Old Farmer's Almanac but not according to established meaning in most European cultures
• Women's Day