July 6

Events

• 371 BC - The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
• 640 - Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis.
• 1253 - Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania.
• 1348 - Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death.
• 1411 - Ming China's Admiral Zheng He returns to Nanjing after the third treasure voyage and presents the Sinhalese king, captured during the Ming–Kotte War, to the Yongle Emperor.
• 1415 - Jan Hus is condemned by the assembly of the council in the cathedral as a heretic and sentenced to be burned at the stake.
• 1438 - A temporary compromise between the rebellious Transylvanian peasants and the noblemen is signed in Kolozsmonostor Abbey.
• 1483 - Richard III is crowned King of England.
• 1484 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
• 1495 - First Italian War: Battle of Fornovo: Charles VIII defeats the Holy League.
• 1535 - Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII of England.
• 1557 - King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
• 1560 - The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England.
• 1573 - Córdoba, Argentina, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
• 1573 - French Wars of Religion: Siege of La Rochelle ends.
• 1614 - Raid on Żejtun: The south east of Malta, and the town of Żejtun, suffer a raid from Ottoman forces. This was the last unsuccessful attempt by the Ottomans to conquer the island of Malta.
• 1630 - Thirty Years' War: Four thousand Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus land in Pomerania, Germany.
• 1685 - Battle of Sedgemoor: Last battle of the Monmouth Rebellion. troops of King James II defeat troops of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.
• 1751 - Pope Benedict XIV suppresses the Patriarchate of Aquileia and establishes from its territory the Archdiocese of Udine and Gorizia.
• 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Ticonderoga: After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.
• 1779 - Battle of Grenada: The French defeat British naval forces during the American Revolutionary War.
• 1801 - First Battle of Algeciras: Outnumbered French Navy ships defeat the Royal Navy in the fortified Spanish port of Algeciras.
• 1809 - The second day of the Battle of Wagram; France defeats the Austrian army in the largest battle to date of the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1854 - In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
• 1885 - Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
• 1887 - David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which transfers much of the king's authority to the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
• 1892 - Three thousand eight hundred striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike, leaving ten dead and dozens wounded.
• 1917 - World War I: Arabian troops led by T. E. Lawrence and Auda ibu Tayi capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire during the Arab Revolt.
• 1918 - The Left SR uprising in Russia starts with the assassination of German ambassador Wilhelm von Mirbach by Cheka members.
• 1919 - The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
• 1933 - The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in Chicago's Comiskey Park. The American League defeated the National League 4–2.
• 1936 - A major breach of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading into the River Irwell.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Battle of Brunete: The battle begins with Spanish Republican troops going on the offensive against the Nationalists to relieve pressure on Madrid.
• 1939 - Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany closes the last remaining Jewish enterprises.
• 1940 - Story Bridge, a major landmark in Brisbane, as well as Australia's longest cantilever bridge is formally opened.
• 1941 - The German army launches its offensive to encircle several Soviet armies near Smolensk.
• 1942 - Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in the "Secret Annexe" above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
• 1944 - Jackie Robinson refuses to move to the back of a bus, leading to a court-martial.
• 1944 - The Hartford circus fire, one of America's worst fire disasters, kills approximately 168 people and injures over 700 in Hartford, Connecticut.
• 1947 - Referendum held in Sylhet to decide its fate in the Partition of India.
• 1947 - The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.
• 1957 - Althea Gibson wins the Wimbledon championships, becoming the first black athlete to do so.
• 1957 - John Lennon and Paul McCartney meet for the first time, as teenagers at Woolton Fete, three years before forming the Beatles.
• 1962 - As a part of Operation Plowshare, the Sedan nuclear test takes place.
• 1962 - The Late Late Show, the world's longest-running chat show by the same broadcaster, airs on RTÉ One for the first time.
• 1964 - Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1966 - Malawi becomes a republic, with Hastings Banda as its first President.
• 1967 - Nigerian Civil War: Nigerian forces invade Biafra, beginning the war.
• 1975 - The Comoros declares independence from France.
• 1986 - Davis Phinney becomes the first American cyclist to win a road stage of the Tour de France.
• 1988 - The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires. One hundred sixty-seven oil workers are killed, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster in terms of direct loss of life.
• 1989 - The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack: Sixteen bus passengers are killed when a member of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad took control of the bus and drove it over a cliff.
• 1990 - The Electronic Frontier Foundation is founded.
• 1995 - In the Bosnian War, under the command of General Ratko Mladić, Serbia begins its attack on the Bosnian town of Srebrenica.
• 1997 - The Troubles: In response to the Drumcree dispute, five days of mass protests, riots and gun battles begin in Irish nationalist districts of Northern Ireland.
• 1998 - Hong Kong International Airport opens in Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong, replacing Kai Tak Airport as the city's international airport.
• 2003 - The 70-metre Yevpatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message to five stars: Hip 4872, HD 245409, 55 Cancri, HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris. The messages will arrive to these stars in 2036, 2040, 2044, and 2049, respectively.
• 2006 - The Nathu La pass between India and China, sealed during the Sino-Indian War, re-opens for trade after 44 years.
• 2013 - At least 42 people are killed in a shooting at a school in Yobe State, Nigeria.
• 2013 - A Boeing 777 operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crashes at San Francisco International Airport, killing three and injuring 181 of the 307 people on board.
• 2013 - A 73-car oil train derails in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec and explodes into flames, killing at least 47 people and destroying more than 30 buildings in the town's central area.

  Births

• 1387 - Queen Blanche I of Navarre
• 1423 - Antonio Manetti, Italian mathematician and architect
• 1580 - Johann Stobäus, German lute player and composer
• 1623 - Jacopo Melani, Italian violinist and composer
• 1678 - Nicola Francesco Haym, Italian cellist and composer
• 1686 - Antoine de Jussieu, French biologist and academic
• 1701 - Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist
• 1736 - Daniel Morgan, American general and politician
• 1747 - John Paul Jones, Scottish-American captain
• 1766 - Alexander Wilson, Scottish-American poet, ornithologist, and illustrator
• 1781 - Stamford Raffles, English politician, founded Singapore
• 1782 - Maria Luisa of Spain
• 1785 - William Hooker, English botanist and academic
• 1789 - María Isabella of Spain
• 1796 - Nicholas I of Russia
• 1797 - Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey
• 1799 - Louisa Caroline Huggins Tuthill, American author
• 1817 - Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist and physiologist
• 1818 - Adolf Anderssen, German chess player
• 1823 - Sophie Adlersparre, Swedish publisher, writer, and women's rights activist
• 1829 - Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
• 1831 - Sylvester Pennoyer, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Oregon
• 1832 - Maximilian I of Mexico
• 1837 - R. G. Bhandarkar, Indian orientalist and scholar
• 1838 - Vatroslav Jagić, Croatian philologist and scholar
• 1840 - José María Velasco Gómez, Mexican painter and academic
• 1843 - John Downer, Australian politician, 16th Premier of South Australia
• 1856 - George Howard Earle, Jr., American lawyer and businessman
• 1858 - William Irvine, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Victoria
• 1865 - Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Swiss composer and educator
• 1868 - Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom
• 1873 - Dimitrios Maximos, Greek banker and politician, 140th Prime Minister of Greece
• 1877 - Arnaud Massy, French golfer
• 1878 - Eino Leino, Finnish poet and journalist
• 1883 - Godfrey Huggins, Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
• 1884 - Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, American businessman and sailor
• 1885 - Ernst Busch, German field marshal
• 1886 - Marc Bloch, French historian and academic
• 1887 - Marc Chagall, Belarusian-French painter and poet
• 1887 - Annette Kellerman, Australian swimmer and actress
• 1890 - Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Indian-American author and scholar
• 1892 - Will James, American author and illustrator
• 1897 - Richard Krautheimer, German-American historian and scholar
• 1898 - Hanns Eisler, German-Austrian soldier and composer
• 1899 - Susannah Mushatt Jones, American supercentarian
• 1900 - Frederica Sagor Maas, American author and screenwriter
• 1900 - Elfriede Wever, German Olympic runner
• 1903 - Hugo Theorell, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1904 - Robert Whitney, American conductor and composer
• 1904 - Erik Wickberg, Swedish 9th General of The Salvation Army
• 1905 – Juan O'Gorman, Mexican painter and architect
• 1907 - Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator
• 1907 - George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian, and author, designed the flag of Canada
• 1908 - Anton Muttukumaru, Sri Lankan general and diplomat
• 1909 - Eric Reece, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of Tasmania
• 1910 - René Le Grèves, French cyclist
• 1911 - June Gale, American actress
• 1912 - Heinrich Harrer, Austrian geographer and mountaineer
• 1912 - Molly Yard, American feminist
• 1913 - Vance Trimble, American journalist and author
• 1914 - Vince McMahon Sr., American wrestling promoter, founded WWE
• 1914 - Ernest Kirkendall, American chemist and metallurgist
• 1915 - Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force pilot
• 1916 - Harold Norse, American poet and author
• 1916 - Don R. Christensen, American animator, cartoonist, illustrator, writer and inventor
• 1917 - Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner and coach
• 1918 - Sebastian Cabot, English-Canadian actor
• 1918 - Herm Fuetsch, American professional basketball player
• 1918 - Francisco Moncion, Dominican-American ballet dancer, charter member of the New York City Ballet
• 1919 - Ernst Haefliger, Swiss tenor and educator
• 1919 - Edward Kenna, Australian Second World War recipient of the Victoria Cross
• 1919 - Ray Dowker, New Zealand cricketer
• 1921 - Allan MacEachen, Canadian economist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
• 1921 - Billy Mauch, American actor
• 1921 - Bobby Mauch, American actor
• 1921 - Nancy Reagan, American actress and activist, 42nd First Lady of the United States
• 1922 - William Schallert, American actor; president of the Screen Actors Guild
• 1923 - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish general and politician, 1st President of Poland
• 1924 - Mahim Bora, Indian writer and educationist, recipients of the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour
• 1924 - Louie Bellson, American drummer, composer, and bandleader
• 1925 - Merv Griffin, American actor, singer, and producer, created Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy!
• 1925 - Bill Haley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1925 - Gazi Yaşargil, Turkish neurosurgeon and academic
• 1926 - Sulev Vahtre, Estonian historian and academic
• 1926 - Armando Silvestre, Mexican-American actor
• 1927 - Jan Hein Donner, Dutch chess player and journalist
• 1927 - Janet Leigh, American actress and author
• 1928 - Bernard Malgrange, French mathematician
• 1929 - Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, French politician historian
• 1930 - George Armstrong, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1930 - Ian Burgess, English racing driver
• 1931 - Della Reese, American actress and singer
• 1931 - László Tábori, Hungarian runner and coach
• 1932 - Herman Hertzberger, Dutch architect and academic
• 1935 - Candy Barr, American model, dancer, and actress
• 1935 - Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
• 1936 - Dave Allen, Irish comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1937 - Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian-Icelandic pianist and conductor
• 1937 - Ned Beatty, American actor
• 1937 - Gene Chandler, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1937 - Bessie Head, Botswanan writer
• 1937 - Michael Sata, Zambian police officer and politician, 5th President of Zambia
• 1939 - Jet Harris, English bass player
• 1939 - Mary Peters, English-Irish pentathlete and shot putter
• 1939 - Bruce Hunter, American swimmer
• 1940 - Jeannie Seely, Grammy Award-winning country music singer-songwriter and Grand Ole Opry member
• 1940 - Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakh politician, 1st President of Kazakhstan
• 1941 - David Crystal, British linguist, author, and academic
• 1941 - Reinhard Roder, German footballer and manager
• 1943 - Tamara Sinyavskaya, Russian soprano
• 1944 - Gunhild Hoffmeister, German runner
• 1946 - George W. Bush, American businessman and politician, 43rd President of the United States
• 1946 - Fred Dryer, American football player and actor
• 1946 - Peter Singer, Australian philosopher and academic
• 1946 - Sylvester Stallone, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1947 - Roy Señeres, Filipino diplomat and politician
• 1948 - Nathalie Baye, French actress
• 1948 - Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Canadian academic and politician, 26th Canadian Minister of Veterans Affairs
• 1948 - Brad Park, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1949 - Noli de Castro, Filipino journalist and politician, 14th Vice President of the Philippines
• 1949 - Phyllis Hyman, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1949 - Michael Shrieve, American composer, drummer, and percussionist
• 1950 - John Byrne, English-American author and illustrator
• 1951 - Lorna Golding, Former First Lady of Jamaica
• 1951 - Geoffrey Rush, Australian actor and producer
• 1952 - Hilary Mantel, English author and critic
• 1953 - Nanci Griffith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1953 - Kaiser Kalambo, Zambian footballer and manager
• 1953 - Robert Ménard, French politician and former journalist
• 1954 - Allyce Beasley, American actress
• 1954 - Willie Randolph, American baseball player and manager
• 1958 - Jennifer Saunders, English actress, comedian and screenwriter
• 1959 - Richard Dacoury, French basketball player
• 1960 - Maria Wasiak, Polish businesswoman and politician, Polish Minister of Infrastructure and Development
• 1961 - Robin Antin, American dancer, choreographer, and businesswoman
• 1962 - Todd Bennett, English runner and coach
• 1962 - Peter Hedges, American author, screenwriter, and director
• 1967 - Heather Nova, Bermudian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1970 - Inspectah Deck, American rapper and producer
• 1970 - Martin Smith, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1972 - Daniel Andrews, Australian politician, 48th Premier of Victoria
• 1972 - Laurent Gaudé, French author and playwright
• 1972 - Greg Norton, American baseball player and coach
• 1972 - Zhanna Pintusevich-Block, Ukrainian sprinter
• 1974 - Zé Roberto, Brazilian footballer
• 1975 - 50 Cent, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1975 - Sebastián Rulli, Argentine-Mexican actor and model
• 1975 - Amir-Abbas Fakhravar, Iranian journalist and activist
• 1976 - Rory Delap, English-Irish footballer
• 1976 - Ioana Dumitriu, Romanian-American mathematician and academic
• 1977 - Max Mirnyi, Belarusian tennis player
• 1977 - Makhaya Ntini, South African cricketer
• 1978 - Adam Busch, American actor, director, and producer
• 1978 - Tamera Mowry, American actress and producer
• 1978 - Tia Mowry, American actress and producer
• 1978 - Kevin Senio, New Zealand rugby player
• 1979 - Nic Cester, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979 - Kevin Hart, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1980 - Joell Ortiz, American rapper
• 1980 - Eva Green, French actress and model
• 1981 - Nnamdi Asomugha, American football player
• 1981 - Roman Shirokov, Russian footballer
• 1982 - Brandon Jacobs, American football player
• 1982 - Misty Upham, American actress
• 1983 - Gregory Smith, Canadian actor, director, and producer
• 1984 - Zhang Hao, Chinese figure skater
• 1985 - Ranveer Singh, Indian film actor
• 1986 - David Karp, American businessman, founded Tumblr
• 1987 - Sophie Auster, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1987 - Manteo Mitchell, American runner
• 1987 - Kate Nash, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
• 1987 - Caroline Trentini, Brazilian model
• 1988 - Kevin Fickentscher, Swiss footballer
• 1990 - Magaye Gueye, French footballer
• 1992 - Manny Machado, Dominican-American baseball player

  Deaths

• 371 BC - Cleombrotus I, Spartan king
• 649 - Goar of Aquitaine, French bishop
• 887 - Wang Chongrong, Chinese warlord
• 918 - William I, duke of Aquitaine
• 1017 - Genshin, Japanese scholar
• 1070 - Godelieve, Flemish saint
• 1189 - Henry II, king of England
• 1218 - Odo III, duke of Burgundy
• 1249 - Alexander II, king of Scotland
• 1415 - Jan Hus, Czech priest, philosopher, and reformer
• 1476 - Regiomontanus, German mathematician and astrologer
• 1480 - Antonio Squarcialupi, Italian composer
• 1533 - Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet and playwright
• 1535 - Thomas More, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
• 1553 - Edward VI, king of England and Ireland
• 1583 - Edmund Grindal, English archbishop
• 1585 - Thomas Aufield, English priest and martyr
• 1614 - Man Singh I, Rajput Raja of Amer
• 1684 - Peter Gunning, English bishop
• 1758 - George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe, English general and politician
• 1768 - Conrad Beissel, German-American religious leader
• 1802 - Daniel Morgan, American general and politician
• 1809 - Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French general
• 1813 - Granville Sharp, English activist
• 1815 - Samuel Whitbread, English politician
• 1835 - John Marshall, American captain and politician, 4th United States Secretary of State
• 1854 - Georg Ohm, German physicist and mathematician
• 1868 - Harada Sanosuke, Japanese captain
• 1893 - Guy de Maupassant, French short story writer, novelist, and poet
• 1901 - Chlodwig Carl Viktor, German prince and chancellor
• 1902 - Maria Goretti, Italian martyr and saint
• 1904 - Abai Qunanbaiuly, Kazakh poet and philosopher
• 1907 - August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein, German linguist and theologian
• 1916 - Odilon Redon, French painter and illustrator
• 1918 - Wilhelm von Mirbach, German diplomat
• 1922 - Maria Teresia Ledóchowska, Polish-Austrian nun and missionary
• 1932 - Kenneth Grahame, Scottish-English author
• 1934 - Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian commander
• 1946 - Horace Pippin, American painter
• 1947 - Adolfo Müller-Ury, Swiss-American painter
• 1952 - Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 14th Premier of Quebec
• 1959 - George Grosz, German painter and illustrator
• 1960 - Aneurin Bevan, Welsh-English politician, Secretary of State for Health
• 1961 - Scott LaFaro, American bassist
• 1961 - Woodall Rodgers, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of Dallas
• 1962 - Paul Boffa, Maltese soldier and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Malta
• 1962 - William Faulkner, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1962 - Joseph August, archduke of Austria
• 1963 - George, duke of Mecklenburg
• 1964 - Claude V. Ricketts, American admiral
• 1966 - Sad Sam Jones, American baseball player and manager
• 1967 - Hilda Taba, Estonian architect and educator
• 1971 - Louis Armstrong, American singer and trumpet player
• 1973 - Otto Klemperer, German-American conductor and composer
• 1975 - Reşat Ekrem Koçu, Turkish historian, scholar, and poet
• 1976 - Zhu De, Chinese general and politician, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
• 1976 - Fritz Lenz, German geneticist and physician
• 1977 - Ödön Pártos, Hungarian-Israeli viola player and composer
• 1978 - Babe Paley, American socialite and fashion style icon
• 1979 - Van McCoy, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1986 - Jagjivan Ram, Indian lawyer and politician, 4th Deputy Prime Minister of India
• 1989 - János Kádár, Hungarian mechanic and politician, Hungarian Minister of the Interior
• 1991 - Mudashiru Lawal, Nigerian footballer
• 1992 - Marsha P. Johnson, American drag queen performer and activist
• 1994 - Ahmet Haxhiu, Kosovan activist
• 1995 - Aziz Nesin, Turkish author and poet
• 1997 - Chetan Anand, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1998 - Roy Rogers, American cowboy, actor, and singer
• 1999 - Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish pianist and composer
• 2000 - Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and composer
• 2002 - Dhirubhai Ambani, Indian businessman, founded Reliance Industries
• 2002 - John Frankenheimer, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 2003 - Buddy Ebsen, American actor, singer, and dancer
• 2003 - Çelik Gülersoy, Turkish lawyer, historical preservationist, writer and poet
• 2004 - Thomas Klestil, Austrian politician, 10th President of Austria
• 2004 - Syreeta Wright, American singer-songwriter
• 2005 - Ed McBain, American author and screenwriter
• 2005 - Claude Simon, Malagasy-French novelist and critic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 2006 - Kasey Rogers, American actress
• 2007 - Kathleen E. Woodiwiss, American author
• 2009 - Vasily Aksyonov, Russian author and academic
• 2009 - Robert McNamara, American businessman and politician, 8th United States Secretary of Defense
• 2010 - Harvey Fuqua, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 2011 - Carly Hibberd, Australian road racing cyclist
• 2012 - Hani al-Hassan, Palestinian engineer and politician
• 2013 - Lo Hsing Han, Burmese businessman, co-founded Asia World
• 2014 - Alan J. Dixon, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 34th Illinois Secretary of State
• 2015 - Jerry Weintraub, American film producer, and talent agent
• 2018 - Shoko Asahara, founder of Japanese cult group Aum Shinrikyo
• 2019 - João Gilberto, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist, pioneer of bossa nova music style
• 2020 - Charlie Daniels, American singer-songwriter, fiddle-player and guitarist
• 2020 - Ennio Morricone, Italian composer, orchestrator, conductor, and trumpet player

  Holidays and observances

• The first day of San Fermín, which lasts until July 14.
• Christian feast day:
• *Maria Goretti
• *Romulus of Fiesole
• *July 6
• Constitution Day
• Day of the Capital
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Comoros from France in 1975.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Malawi from United Kingdom in 1964.
• International Kissing Day
• Jan Hus Day
• Kupala Night
• National Fried Chicken Day
• Statehood Day
• Teachers' Day