Chatterjea's researches were focused on the hematological aspects of tropical diseases and his studies on the human red blood cells widened the understanding of the aspects of hereditary disorders. His work covered the roles played by iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 and conjugate foliate compounds in human system and assisted him in the discovery of Hemoglobin E in Bengali people. His inquiries led to the clinical, hematological, biochemical, biophysical and the genetical studies of Hemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia prevalent in Bengal region. He documented his researches by way of several medical papers published in peer-reviewed journals and his work has been cited by a number of authors and researchers. Chatterjea chaired the Medical and Veterinary Section of the 51st Indian Science Congress held at Kolkata in 1964 and was the Asian representative on the executive committee of the International Society of Blood Transfusion the same year. He served as the president of various medical organizations; at Indian Society of Hematology for two terms in 1963 and 1964, at Indian Anthropological Society during 1967–68, at Indian Public Health Association and at Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists in 1968. He also served as a counselor to international organizations such as International Society of Hematology, International Society of Blood Transfusion and the Reticuloendothelial Society.
Awards and honors
Chatterjea received the Coates Medal of the University of Calcutta in 1958 and the Barclay Medal of the Asiatic Society in 1963. In between, the Indian National Science Academy elected him as a fellow in 1960. The Indian Council of Medical Research honored him with the Basanti DeviAmir Chand Prize in 1964, the same year as he was elected as a fellow by the National Academy of Medical Sciences and he received the Minto Medal the next year. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards in 1966. He was also a fellow of a number of international medical societies which included the American College of Physicians, Royal College of Pathologists, Swiss Society of Hematology, German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists, Indian Anthropological Society and Indian Public Health Association. J. B. Chatterjea Memorial Committee published a festschrift on him in 1975, titled Trends in Haematology which featured several articles including those of Chatterjea.
