Kalapuyan languages


Kalapuyan is a small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States. It consists of three languages.

Family division

Kalapuyan consists of

Genetic relations

Kalapuyan is usually connected with the various Penutian proposals, originally as part of an Oregon Penutian branch along with Takelma, Siuslaw, Alsea and Coosan. A special relationship with Takelma had been proposed, together forming a "Takelma–Kalapuyan" or "Takelman" family. However, an unpublished paper by Tarpent & Kendall finds this relationship to be unfounded because of the extremely different morphological structures of Takelma and Kalapuyan.

Proto-language

Below is a list of Proto-Kalapuyan reconstructions by Shipley :