Kaliti Prison in Addis Ababa is one of the several federal prisons of Ethiopia. Commonly referred to as a gulag, it serves as the main prison of the country. It is 11 km south of central Addis Ababa, in Akaky Kaliti, the southernmost subcity of the nation's capital. The original prison compound is a makeshift structure that was built after 1991 when the Derg regime fell and was not intended as a prison. Most of the structures built by 2004 had been built by prisoners by their own means and with help from NGOs.
Description
Part of the prison consists of sheet-metal shacks arranged in a dense maze. Within the prison there are 8 zones. The group Zone 9 bloggers is named after a non-existent ninth zone. Around 2012, the prison held approximately 8,000 inmates. A 2009 Human Rights League of the Horn of Africa report described overcrowding in the prison with hundreds of inmates being held in single, poorly ventilated cells. They reported that individuals were exposed to tuberculosis, fleas, lice, that there was a lack of sanitation, that water for drinking and washing was insufficient, that inmates had to sleep on cold, concrete floors, and that access to medical care was nearly absent. They also reported that "complaints against all these human rights violations being severely punishable". Personnel at the prison are known to have tortured inmates.
2016 fire
A fire broke out on 3 September 2016 and continued on until the next day. Prisoners attempted to escape during the chaos, and gunshots were heard. Two prisoners were claimed to have been killed trying to escape, while 21 other inmates were said to have perished from "stampede and suffocation". At least 23 people were killed in total. The fire occurred during the deadly nationwide 2016 Ethiopian protests, and may have been related.
Prisoners
Notable inmates
Lammi Begna, an Oromo human right activist and student leader, he was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment. He was released in October 2013 after completing his terms of prison without parole.
Aslii Oromo, an OLF army commander and the first female prisoner in history to receive death penalty. She was released from prison after 18 years of incarceration.
Tesfahun Chemeda, Oromo rights advocate, died in Kaliti
Temesgen Desalegn, Ethiopian journalist
Serkalem Fasil, Ethiopian journalist
Befeqadu Hailu, Ethiopian writer, activist, blogger, and member of the Zone 9 bloggers
Birtukan Mideksa is an Ethiopian politician, former judge, founder and leader of Unity for Democracy and Justice, the opposition party. She was held in a cell measuring 2 x 3 metres that she shared with two others.
Berhanu Nega, Economics professor and politician
Eskinder Nega, Ethiopian journalist and blogger
Martin Schibbye, a Swedish journalist who spent 438 days there with photographer Johan Persson