Kanyadan


Kanyādāna is a Hindu wedding ritual. and one possible origin of this tradition can be traced to 15th century stone inscriptions found in Vijayanagara empire in South India. There are different interpretations regarding kanyādān across India.

Origin

Practice of dowry among citizens appear in 15th century as can be evidenced in the several stone inscriptions found in Vijayanagara empire. Several incidents recorded in these inscriptions show that there was a wide spread practice of bride price, possibly influenced by Islamic Mahr into South India, during marriages. To fight the epidemic of bride price, a community group of Brahmins created a social legislation to adopt the marriage system of kanyadana for their community. It was mandated that no money should be paid or received during marriage and those who do not follow are liable for punishment by the King. The above inscriptions also reinforce that system of social legislations within community groups was widely in practice as against personal laws based on religious scriptures.

Significance

The word 'kanyādana' is made of two parts, 'kanyā' meaning unmarried girl and 'dāna' meaning 'charity' or 'to give away'.
Of all dānas, annadāna is considered supreme from the perspective of the receiver, as food is needed for survival.
From perspective of the giver, kanyādāna is considered supreme because you give away what you love the most - your own daughter - to another family.

Kanyādāna songs

In communities where kanyādāna is performed as part of the actual wedding, the ritual is carried out through a variety of kanyādāna songs. These songs may include the parents lamenting the loss of their daughter, as well as regretting their economic sacrifice for the wedding. Other songs focus on the groom, for example comparing him to the "ideal groom", the god Rama, in the epic Ramayana. Importantly, the kanyādān ritual occurs right before the Sindoor ritual.