Kathleen E. Carpenter was a British freshwater ecologist. She is best known for her early studies of the effects of metal pollution on Welsh rivers and their biota, as well as her book Life in Inland Waters, the first textbook in English wholly devoted to freshwater ecology.
Early life
She was born Kathleen Edithe Zimmerman on 24 March 1891 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England, daughter of Francis Frederick Zimmerman and Victoria Boor. In 1914 she changed her surname by deed poll to Carpenter.
Carpenter, K. E.. Notes on the History of Cardiganshire Lead Mines. Aberystwyth studies by members of the University College of Wales, 5, 99–103.
Carpenter, K. E.. Distribution of Limnæa pereger and L. truncatula. Nature 112, 9.
Carpenter, K. E.. A study of the fauna of rivers polluted by lead mining in the Aberystwyth district of Cardiganshire. The Annals of Applied Biology, 9, 1–23.
Carpenter, K. E.. The freshwater fauna of the Aberystwyth district of Cardiganshire, studied with especial reference to the pollution of streams consequent on lead-mining operations. No. 49, File F.G. 1898, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Standing Committee on River Pollution.
Carpenter, K. E.. Biological factors involved in the destruction of river-fisheries by pollution due to lead-mining. Ser. No 84, Rep. No. 77, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Standing Committee on River Pollution.
Carpenter, K. E.. On the biological factors involved in the destruction of river-fisheries by pollution consequent on lead-mining. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1925, p. 403.
Carpenter, K. E.. On the biological factors involved in the destruction of river-fisheries by pollution due to lead-mining. The Annals of Applied Biology, 12, 1–13.
Carpenter, K. E.. The lead mine as an active agent in river pollution. Annals of Applied Biology, 13, 395–401.
Carpenter, K. E.. A Planarian species new to Britain. Nature, 117, 556.
Carpenter, K. E.. Report on the lethal action of lead salts on fishes. Ser. No. 190, Rep. No. 129, Ref. File F.G. 1655. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Standing Committee on River Pollution.
Carpenter, K. E.. On a Vexed Question. Fishing Gazette, June 11. 1927.
Carpenter, K. E.. Faunistic ecology of some Cardiganshire streams. Journal of Ecology, 15, 33–54.
Carpenter, K. E.. Life in Inland Waters, with especial reference to animals. Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd.
Carpenter, K. E.. On the distribution of freshwater Turbellaria in the Aberystwyth district, with especial reference to two ice-Age relicts. Journal of Ecology, 16, 105–122.
Carpenter, K. E. †. Further researches on the action of metallic salts on fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 6, 407–422. †Contributions from the Zoölogical Laboratories of the University of Illinois, no. 376.
Carpenter, K. E.. Variations in Holopedium Species. Science, 74, 550–551.
Carpenter, K. E.. Food of Salmon Parr. Nature, 143, 336.
