Kent Greenfield (law professor)
Kent Greenfield is an American lawyer, Professor of Law and Law Fund Research Scholar at Boston College, and frequent commentator to The Huffington Post. He is the author of The Myth of Choice: Personal Responsibility in a World of Limits and The Failure of Corporate Law: Fundamental Flaws and Progressive Possibilities, published by University of Chicago Press in 2006, and numerous scholarly articles. He is best known for his "stakeholder" critique of the conventional legal doctrine and theory of corporate law, and for his leadership in a legal battle between law schools and the Pentagon over free speech and gay rights.
Early life and career
Greenfield spent most of his childhood in Princeton, Kentucky, where his father worked as a Baptist minister and his mother as a school teacher. Greenfield earned an A.B. in economics and history with honors from Brown University in 1984. After graduating, he worked as a corporate policy advisor at Levi Strauss & Co. in San Francisco, and traveled through South America.Greenfield graduated with honors from the University of Chicago Law School in 1992 where he served as Topics and Comments Editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and became a member of the Order of the Coif. Upon graduation, he practiced at the law firm Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C.
Professional career
Kent Greenfield clerked for Justice David H. Souter of the United States Supreme Court and Judge Levin H. Campbell of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit before joining the law faculty at Boston College in 1995. He was Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Connecticut School of Law in 2002, Visiting Wallace S. Fujiyama Professor at University of Hawai’i William S. Richardson School of Law in 2005, and Visiting Professor of Political Science at Brown University in 2006. From 2007 to 2008, he served as the Distinguished Faculty Fellow at the Center on Corporations, Law and Society, at the Seattle University School of Law. He has also served as chair of the Business Associations Section of the American Association of Law Schools.In 2002, Greenfield became involved with a number of legal academics who believed the federal government's policy of excluding gay, lesbian, and bisexual people from service in the military under "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" conflicted with law schools' non-discrimination policies. Law schools typically require potential employers to sign pledges that they will not discriminate against students on various grounds. Recruiters from the military services refused to sign those pledges, and under the so-called Solomon Amendment, law schools and their parent universities stood to lose federal funding federal if they failed to permit military recruiters equal access to recruiting facilities. Greenfield founded and served as the president of the Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, an organization of over thirty law schools and other institutions, which was the named plaintiff in a lawsuit to contest the Solomon Amendment. The suit won in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit but was overturned by the Supreme Court on March 6, 2006. Multiple news outlets, including the New York Times, the Boston Globe, and the Wall Street Journal, have covered Kent Greenfield's activism with FAIR.
Scholarship
The Failure of Corporate Law was called "simply the best and most well-reasoned progressive critique of corporate law yet written" by professor Joseph Singer of Harvard Law School. Professor Singer also noted Failure for challenging conventional wisdom and seeking to broaden the scope of corporate management. Greenfield has published journal articles in the Yale Law Journal, the Virginia Law Review, the Boston College Law Review, the George Washington Law Review, the Tulane Law Review, and others. Greenfield has lectured and presented at numerous institutions nationally and internationally, including at Harvard University, Yale University, Brown University, Stanford University, the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, and the London School of Economics.Greenfield's second book The Myth of Choice, forthcoming in October 2011 from Yale University Press, probes the role of free choice theory in American law, sociology, economics, and political theory. Greenfield uses anecdotes, hard data, and judicial opinions to draw inferences about choice in American society and offer policy recommendations and personal advice. Noah Feldman has written that The Myth of Choice unsettles our beliefs, our judgments, and our values.
Criticism
Greenfield's "stakeholder" critique of the conventional theory of corporate law has been criticized for undercutting economic efficiency. Critics argue that the stakeholder theory of corporate governance would damage the American economy by inducing capital to escape the added costs of accountability to more players than corporate shareholders.Scholarly publications
- "Law, Politics, and the Erosion of Legitimacy in the Delaware Courts." New York Law School Law Review 55 : 481-496.
- "Attorney General Mukasey's Defense of Irresponsibility." Boston College International and Comparative Law Review 32 : 223-230.
- "Corporate Law and the Rhetoric of Choice." In Law & Economics: Toward Social Justice, edited by Dana L. Gold, 61-89. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009.
- "The Origins and Costs of Short-Term Management." In , Allen White, editor, 26-33. June 2009.
- "Third Panel: How Law Constructs Wealth Patterns." Georgetown Journal of Poverty Law and Policy 15 : 509-538.
- "Defending Stakeholder Governance." Case Western Reserve Law Review 58: no.4 : 1043-1065.
- "The Impact of 'Going Private' on Stakeholders." Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial and Commercial Law 3, no.1 : 75-88.
- "Proposition: Saving the World With Corporate Law." Emory Law Journal 57: no.4 : 948-984.
- "The Disaster at Bhopal: Lessons for Corporate Law?" New England Law Review 42: no.4 : 755-760.
- "Corporate Ethics in a Devilish System." Journal of Business & Technology Law 3: issue 2 : 427-435.
- "Reclaiming Corporate Law in a New Gilded Age." Harvard Law and Policy Review 2: no.1 : 1-32.
- "A New Era for Corporate Law: Using Corporate Governance Law to Benefit All Stakeholders." In : Summit on the Future of the Corporation, Allen White and Marjorie Kelly, editors, 19-28. November 2007.
- "New Principles for Company Law." Keeping Good Companies: Journal of the Chartered Secretaries Australia Ltd. July 2007: 335-339.
- The Failure of Corporate Law: Fundamental Flaws and Progressive Possibilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
- "Fighting for Equality, and Losing." Boston Bar Journal 50, no.4 : 27-28.
- "Both Sides : Higher Education Institutions Have a Right to Dissent Without Losing Federal Money." Trusteeship 14: no.1 : 35.
- With Adam Sulkowski. "A Bridle, a Prod, and a Big Stick: An Evaluation of Class Actions, Shareholder Proposals, and the Ultra Vires Doctrine as Methods for Controlling Corporate Behavior." St. John's Law Review 79 : 929-954.
- "New Principles for Corporate Law." Hastings Business Law Journal 1 : 87-118.
- "Unconstitutional Constitution Day." Guest op-ed on ACSBlog: The Blog of the American Constitution Society.
- "In Closing: Fighting Might with Rights." BC Law Magazine 13: no.2 : 56, 54.
- "A Liberal's Disappointment in Million Dollar Baby." Guest op-ed on ACSBlog: The Blog of the American Constitution Society.
- "Democracy and Dominance of Delaware in Corporate Law." Law and Contemporary Problems67 : 135-145.
- With Peter C. Kostant. "An Experimental Test of Fairness Under Agency and Profit-Maximization Constraints " George Washington Law Review 71 : 983-1024.
- "Imposing Inequality on Law Schools." Washington Post, Monday, November 10, 2003; A25.
- "September 11 and the End of History for Corporate Law." Tulane Law Review 76 : 1409-1429.
- "It's Time to Federalize Corporate Charters." TomPaine.common sense; A Public Interest Journal, available at http://www.tompaine.com/feature.cfm/ID/6081
- "Using Behavioral Economics to Show the Power and Efficiency of Corporate Law as Regulatory Tool." U.C.Davis Law Review 35 : 581-644.
- "Ultra Vires Lives! A Stakeholder Analysis of Corporate Illegality." Virginia Law Review 87 : 1279-1379. Abstract
- "From Metaphor to Reality in Corporate Law." Stanford Agora: An Online Journal of Legal Perspectives 2: issue 1 : 59-68 Abstract
- "There's a Forest in those Trees: Teaching About the Role of Corporations in Society." Georgia Law Review 34 : 1011-1024. Abstract
- "Truth or Consequences: If a Company Lies, Employees Should be Able to Sue," Washington Post, Sunday June 28, 1998, Outlook section.
- "The Place of Workers in Corporate Law." Boston College Law Review 39 : 283-327.
- "From Rights to Regulation in Corporate Law." In Perspectives on Company Law: 2, edited by Fiona Patfield, 1-25. London: Kluwer Law International, 1997.
- With John E. Nilsson. "Gradgrind's Education: Using Dickens and Aristotle to Understand the Business Judgment Rule." Brooklyn Law Review 63 : 799-859.
- "The Unjustified Absence of Federal Fraud Protection in the Labor Market."Yale Law Journal 107 : 715-789.
- "Cruelty and Original Intent: a Socratic Dialogue." Indiana Law Journal 72 : 31-40.
- "Our Conflicting Judgments about Pornography." American University Law Review 43 : 1197-1230.
- "Original Penumbras: Constitutional Interpretation in the First Year of Congress." Connecticut Law Review 26 : 79-144.
- "Cameras in Teddy Bears: Electronic Visual Surveillance and the Fourth Amendment."University of Chicago Law Review 58 : 1045-1077.
Honors and awards
- Received the first annual Business & Law Society Award "for Inspirational Achievement," Boston College Law School, April 12, 2007.
- Received the first annual Leadership Award from the Lambda Students Association at Harvard Law School, April, 2006.
- Recipient, on behalf of Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights of the Kevin Larkin Memorial Award for Public Service, from the Massachusetts Lesbian and Gay Bar Association, 2005.
- B.C. Law Teacher of the Year for 2003–04, given by the Law Students Association.
- Outstanding Teacher Award, given by graduating class of 2004.
- "Friend" Award, given by B.C.'s Lambda Law Students' Association, 2004.
- Received named Law School scholarships from 2003 to the present in recognition of outstanding scholarly contributions.