In 1986 gold was discovered near the town of Kittilä. The Geological Survey of Finland initiated exploration which resulted in a discovery of gold mineralization. Diamond drilling continued up to 1991, when exploration ended. In 1998 the property was sold to Svenska Platina AB, a junior mining company which was a subsidiary of Riddarhyttan Resources AB. Permitting for an open pit mine began in 2002, with a mining licence and permit secured in 2003. Agnico Eagle purchased a stake in Riddarhyttan in 2004, with the remainder of the company being purchased in 2005. Diamond drilling continued in 2005, with an additional 460 holes drilled over. In September 2008 an additional of drilling resulted in a gold reserve increase of two million ounces, over 18.2 million tonnes of ore, grading 5.12 grams per tonne. Excavation of the open pit began in September 2007 and ore production began in May 2008. Mining in the Suuri pit began at per day to be increased to by the end of 2009.
Mining operation
Open pit
The ore zone at the Kittilä mine is approximately long, wide, deep. Drilling is done using both Sandvik and Atlas Copcodrill rigs, with ore being loaded into Caterpillar 777 dump trucks by Caterpillar 385 hydraulic excavators. Mining in the pits is expected to last for up to five years. Proceeds from the pits are being used to finance the underground mining operation. The pit produces of material per month, removing eight tons of waste per ton of ore. Provided they are able to acquire larger trucks, Agnico will increase their monthly tonnage to.
Underground
Underground development began in October 2006. Access tunnels are wide, which will permit the use of haul trucks up to 60-tonne capacity. Underground mining will be done using long-hole stoping methods, either along strike in the case of narrow areas, and perpendicular to the ore body in the case of wider zones. Levels are designed to be apart.
Processing
The mill at the Kittila mine begins with a crusher and semi-autogenous grinding mill, where ore is sized to. The ore is then sent to flotation cells where the gold is separated from gangue material. The concentrated ore is sent to an autoclave, and heated to 190|C at a pressure of. This heat and the addition of oxygen separates the gold from the sulphide material. The separated material is then leached out using carbon. The carbon is removed from the leached material and the gold is smelted into Doré bars, which are sent off-site for further refining. Kittila realizes an average gold recovery of 92%, and has the capacity to produce up to four bars per week. The Kittila mill also includes a bomb shelter, a legal requirement under a 1917 Finnish law which came into effect following Finnish independence from Russia. The shelter is open for viewing by visitors and contains emergency supplies such as oxygen tanks, food, drink and a set of golf clubs.