The Kriemhildenstuhl lies left of the small river of the Isenach northwest of Bad Dürkheim at a height of 250 metres above sea level on the southeastern hillside of the 300-metre-high Kästenberg. The latter is a southern spur of the Teufelsstein, which belongs to the Haardt mountains which form the eastern perimeter of the PalatineForest range, facing the Upper Rhine Plain. Immediately above the quarry is the Heidenmauer, a 26 hectare fortified Celtic settlement from the late Hallstatt era. The Brunhildisstuhl a little below the Kriemhildenstuhl was probably another a Roman quarry. Other old Roman quarries in the vicinity are found in the Kallstadter Tälchen valley and on the Weilerskopf.
Excavation history
Early excavations
In the Middle Ages the quarry was erroneously linked to the Burgundians and the Nibelungenlied. Archaeological excavations were carried out in 1884, 1893/94, 1916/17, 1934/35 and 1937–1939. In the Nazi era, unsuccessful attempts were made to prove, as a result of excavations that the quarry was an Old Germanic cult site.
Recent excavations
As a result of excavations in the second half of the 20th century, new information surfaced about the technology and worker organisation of the Romans and brought new inscriptions to light.
Technology and work organisation
In the semi-circular quarry, whitish quartzitic sandstone of the Karlstal beds of the Middle Bunter was extracted. Because quarrying was carried out near the plateau, the rock was presumably only covered by a thin layer of earth. Quarrying was undertaken using several working parties, so-called Arbeitsköpfe. Individual Arbeitsköpfe were 25 metres above the next level below. From hammer marks on the rock, it is evident that the blocks of stone were between 1.20 and 3 metres long, between 0.6 and 1.4 metres wide and up to 0.6 metres high. Occasionally, capitals and round stones, perhaps for columns, made. The blocks were initially cut out of the rock face on two sides with sledgehammers, then the underside was loosened with Setzkellen. Both types of tool were discovered during the excavations. The transport channel, down which the blocks were moved on slides and rollers into the valley, is still easily recognisable.
Inscriptions and drawings
Because the lower levels of the quarry filled up with waste material during the quarrying operations, the traces of Roman tools and inscriptions and drawings here were very well preserved. ;Work inscriptions
Aici = Arbeitskopf of the Aicus
ostili Geniali angulus Quin Purpurionis = To Hostilis Genialis the Arbeitskopf of Quintus Purpurio
I O M/ET GENIO/IPERATORE/LVC SEPTIMO/SEVERO VEXL L XXII P F = Dedication to Jupiter and the Genius of the Emperor Septimius Severus by the division of the 22nd Legion, the upright and true
ob m Dat Prc S = in memory of the standard bearer, Dativus Proculus
Natalis m l XXII p f = Natalis, soldier of the 22nd Legion, the upright and true
Vogllin Perpet Leg XXII P = Vogellinus Perpetuus, the 22nd Legion, the upright
Gettonius/Ursus Dossus/LE LEG XXII A/LEG XXII P PF = Gettonius, Ursus and Dossus, soldiers of the Legio XXII Antoniniana Legio XXII p p f 22nd Legion, the foremost, true and upright
;Drawings
There are drawings of horses, which may be the symbol of the unit working here, as well as drawings of men, phalli and vulvas. Whether the sexual symbols were aspects of a pagan cult or more like present-day toilet graffiti is difficult to determine.
Thomas Kreckel: "Sonnenheiligtum" und "Kultburg". Die Geschichte der Grabungen auf der "Heidenmauer" und im "Kriemhildenstuhl" bei Bad Dürkheim in den 1930er Jahren, in: Egon Schallmayer, Katharina von Kurzynski : Archäologie und Politik. Archäologische Ausgrabungen der 30er und 40er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts im zeitgeschichtlichen Kontext ; Internationale Tagung anläßlich "75 Jahre Ausgrabungen am Glauberg" from 16 to 17 October 2008 in Nidda-Bad Salzhausen, Bonn, 2011, pp. 271–278.
