Kungurian


In the geologic timescale, the Kungurian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the latest or upper of four subdivisions of the Cisuralian epoch or series. The Kungurian lasted between and million years ago. It was preceded by the Artinskian and followed by the Roadian. It corresponds roughly to the Leonardian stage, covering the span from 280 to 270.6 ± 0.7 Ma in the North American system.

Stratigraphy

The Kungurian is named after the Russian city of Kungur in the vicinity of Perm. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Russian geologist Alexandr Antonovich Stukenberg in 1890.
The base of the Kungurian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Neostreptognathodus pnevi and Neostreptognathodus exculptus first appear. As of 2009, there was no agreement yet on a global reference profile for the base of the Kungurian. The top of the Kungurian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Jinogondolella nanginkensis first appear.
The Kungurian contains three conodont biozones:

Chondrichthyans

Actinopterygians

Lungfishes

†Lepospondyls

†Temnospondyls

†Seymouriamorphs

†Diadectomorphs

†Procolophonomorphs

Eureptilians

Synapsids