L'Espresso is an Italian weekly news magazine. It is one of the two most prominent Italian weeklies; the other is Panorama.
History and profile
One of Italy's foremost newsmagazines, l'Espresso was founded as a weekly magazine in Rome, in October 1955, by the N.E.R. publishing house ofCarlo Caracciolo and the progressive industrialist Adriano Olivetti, manufacturer of Olivetti typewriters. Its chief editors were Arrigo Benedetti and Eugenio Scalfari. l'Espresso was characterized from the beginning by aggressive investigative journalism strongly focused on corruption and clientelism within the Christian Democracy. In the 1950s, it uncovered major scandals in the health and housing industries. This made the main shareholder Olivetti unpopular with the ministries and large companies that were the primary customers of his main business. In 1956, with the magazine losing money, Olivetti gave a majority of shares to Caracciolo. De Benedetti and Scalfari entered as major shareholders as well. The experienced De Benedetti, who had directed the newsmagazine L'Europeo, was editor-in-chief until 1963, when he handed the position over to Scalfari. At the time the average circulation reached 70,000 copies. In 1968, Scalfari was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies and handed over editorship to. The magazine's original format was that of large newspaper; it was converted into a small glossy format in 1974. In 1965, it introduced colour printing for photos, text, and adverts. In 1975, the publishing company N.E.R. changed its corporate title to Editoriale L'Espresso; circulation at the time exceeded 300,000 copies. In January 1976, the Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso also launched the daily newspaper La Repubblica, with Eugenio Scalfari as editor-in-chief, in a joint venture with Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. In 1967, l'Espresso revealed the attempted 1964 coup d'état by General Giovanni Di Lorenzo, and in 1976 it conducted a strong campaign against the then Italian President, Giovanni Leone, for his alleged involvement in the Lockheed scandal. During the 1970s and 1980s, it strongly supported the campaigns for divorce and abortion. From the mid-1970s onwards, a fierce competition developed with Italy's other major newsmagazine, Panorama, founded in 1962. The rivalry increased dramatically in the early 1990s, when Silvio Berlusconi – already controlling Panorama – attempted to absorb l'Espresso as well. The clash between Berlusconi and Carlo De Benedetti over the control of the Mondadori Group resulted in a break-up of assets, leading to the creation of the Espresso Group in its current form, with the CIR Group as majority shareholder. Renowned journalists and writers who worked for l'Espresso include Giorgio Bocca, Umberto Eco,, Enzo Biagi, Michele Serra, Marco Travaglio, Roberto Saviano, Naomi Klein, and Jeremy Rifkin. In 2002, Daniela Hamaui was appointed editor-in-chief of the weekly, becoming the first woman to hold the post. l'Espresso is based in Rome, but its business and finance newsroom is in Milan, Italy, now under Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso property. The editor is. l'Espresso has a website with news and blogs. In May 2016, l'Espresso set up a secure platform based on GlobaLeaks technology to collect testimonials about torture and human rights abuse from Egyptian whistleblowers, and to seek justice for Giulio Regeni and for every Regeni in Egypt.
Circulation
L'Espressos circulation was 300,057 copies in 1984; rose to 400,334 copies in 2007, making it the fourth best-selling news magazine in Italy; was 334,260 copies in 2010; was 239,000 in 2013, based on the report of the Gruppo Editoriale l'Espresso; and was 195,787 in June 2014.
