Administratively the Lübbecke Loessland includes the greater part of the parish of Bad Essen in the Lower Saxon district of Osnabrück, as well as Preußisch Oldendorf, Lübbecke, and Hille in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Minden-Lübbecke, where Minden also has a small stake in the region.
Natural features
The Lübbecke Loessland is a Börde landscape that falls gently from south to north and is undulating in places. Whilst the southern boundary of the region is clearly defined by the edge of the forests on the Wiehen Hills, its transition to the Rahden-Diepenau Geest is rather more gradual. Only in the east is there a sharpdividing line to the Großes Torfmoor and the Bastau meadows. Its main characteristic is the rich loess soil that gives the region its name, and which was blown out of the sandur on the edge of the glacier during the last ice age and deposited on the northern slopes of the Wiehen. Because of its outstanding loess soils the region is mainly used for arable farming. Grassland only occurs, if at all, on steep sections of the terrain, e.g. along the course of streams and, in places, immediately next to the forest edges on the Wiehen Hills. There are no large areas of woodland in the Lübbecke Loessland, just occasional small copses, some of which are protected, such as the Finkenburg Nature Reserve. Apart from the short streams that rise in the Wiehen Hills to the south and cut more or less straight across the Lübbecke Loessland without meandering, there are no significant natural waterbodies. Lakes and ponds only occur where pits or hollows have arisen in the course of quarrying for clay, and which have subsequently filled with groundwater or where men have laid out mill ponds in order to utilise water power. The Lübbecke Loessland begins in the north at about 50 metres above sea level and climbs towards the south, initially gently, but then increasingly steeply. The southern boundary, say on the forest edges of the Wiehen lies at between 100 and 130 metres above sea level. In other words, for example, in the area of the town of Lübbecke the region is steeper over a distance of about 1.5 kilometres than over the 150 kilometres from the northern edge of the area to the North Sea.
Land usage
The loess region, with its heavy, but fertile soils - soil qualities of 75 or more are not uncommon - has been intensively farmed since ancient times. That partly explains the dense population in this area. In places the built-up area is so dominant that there is hardly any room left for agriculture; and sometimes villages follows one after another in a row. Outside the main areas of settlement, though, arable farming is the predominant form of land use, with cereal crops being especially common, sometimes mixed with large areas of special crops. Today, however, water power no longer plays a significant role.
Transport
As a strip of land between the Wiehen Hills in the south and the bogs to the north that was populated early on and thus cleared, the Lübbecke Loessland encouraged the early establishment of an east-west route. What is certain today is that legions of the Roman general, Varus,came from the east to the northern foot of the Wiehen Hills, i.e. they moved through the Lübbecker Loessland before being destroyed at Venne by the Germanic general, Arminius. Due to the typical geography of the area the Romans were bottled up between the bogs and the hills, which had a decisive influence on the outcome of the battle. Later the medieval Minden-Osnabrück military road ran through the region. This corresponds to the western section of today's federal road, the B65, and runs mostly in the more northerly, level part of the Lübbecke Loessland linking the Osnabrück and Minden regions.
