The Ladakh Range is regarded as a southern extension of the Karakoram Range, which runs for 230 miles from the confluence of the Indus and Shyok rivers in Baltistan to the Tibetan border of Ladakh in the southeast. The southern extension of the Ladakh Range is called the Kailash Range, especially in Tibet. The Ladakh Range forms the northeastern bank of the Indus River and the western bank of the Shyok River. The Ladakh Range has an average height of about 6,000 metres and has no major peaks. Some of its peaks are less than 4,800 metres. The main mountain passes are Chorbat, Digar La, Khardung La, Chang La and Tsaka La.
Habitation
The city of Leh, a little way from the Indus River along the Khardung La valley, is a historic trading town with trade routes to Yarkand and Tibet on the one hand, and Srinagar and rest of the Indian subcontinent on the other. The summer route from Leh to Yarkand passed through Khardung La to pass into the Nubra valley and thence to Yarkand via the Karakoram Pass and Suget Pass. The winter route passed through Digar La to reach the Shyok river valley and, again, reach the Karakoram Pass. The trade route to Tibet went via Gartok in the Indus river valley at the foot of the Kailash Range. By the Treaty of Tingmosgang signed in 1684, Ladakh had the exclusive right to trade in the pashmina wool from Tibet, which led to its prosperity. Leh was for centuries trade centre for fine pashmina wool ; yak and pony caravans brought in pashmina from Tibet, turquoise, coral and silver from Yarkand and Kashgar, spices, fabrics from India and silk from Kashmir. Two English explorers, William Moorcroft and George Trebeck visiting Leh in 1820, were stunned seeing a town of such wealth located in midst of obviously arid desert land. The nomadic Changpa rely mostly on sheep and yak herding for subsistence in the Ladakh Range. Tibet's Chang Tang plain, most remote section of Himalayas, is extreme high country; here the valleys are about 14,000 feet above sea level. Ladakh is a beautiful desert region. Culturally/geographically close to Tibet, it has few resources with an extreme climate. The Buddhist Ladakhis with their traditions and intimate knowledge of local environment have survived and actually prospered, in spite of centuries of invasions from the Mongols, the Baltis, the Dogras and even Tibetans. The mixed ethnic origins are reflected in their faces. The extension of the Ladakh Range into China is known as Kailash Range. In the Laddakh Range there is India's cold desert named as ' LEH '.
