Languages of Mauritania

Afro-Asiatic languages (formerly known as Hamito-Semitic)

• Berber
• * Zenaga: Berber language that was more widely spoken in the past, but is still used in the south of the country, close to the River Senegal. The speakers of the Zenaga language are eponymously known as Zenaga Berbers. Otherwise, most of the Moor population speaks Berber languages. Islamisation and Arabisation of the population have reduced the number of Berber speakers. In 1978, the term Arabo-Berber to designate the Moors was replaced by Arab.
• * Tamasheq: Tamasheq, the Berber language of the Tuareg, is spoken in the extreme south-east of the country, close to the Malian border.
• Arabic
• * Modern Standard Arabic: the official language of the government of Mauritania.
• * Hassaniyya Arabic: the colloquial spoken variety of Arabic. It is close to the dialect used by the Bedouins. The language serves as a lingua franca. It is also the language of the Imraguen who also use elements of Soninke.

  French

Niger-Congo languages

• Wolof
• Soninke
• Pulaar is spoken in Mauritania by the Fula and the Toucouleur.
• Bambara