Abuses can originate from virtually every part of the legal system. Litigants, attorneys, law enforcement and judiciary can abuse the system, sometimes accidentally but more often intentionally. Legal abuse can also be systemic, such as when the principles, processes, and consequences of law itself encourage and enable individuals to legally harm others.
Abusive litigants
Abusive litigants in civil cases are most often classified as vexatious litigation, frivolous litigation, or both. A vexatious litigant seeks to harass or subdue an adversary. A frivolous litigant starts or carries on actions that have little or no merit and are very unlikely to be won. Litigants of this sort are often unable to find representation willing to accommodate them and thus must represent themselves in propria persona. There can often be considerable overlap between these two types of abuse. One case in point is the strategic lawsuit against public participation, which is a lawsuit intended to censor, intimidate and silence critics by fear, intimidation and burdening them with the cost of a legal defense until they abandon their criticism or opposition. In some cases, criminals may seek to deter witnesses from pursuing restitution through the criminal justice system, or act in vengeance to those who have. Such actions are self-evidently vexatious, but are typically frivolous as well in that the plaintiff does not expect, or even intend, to win. Litigants can abuse the system in criminal ways as well. Some of the forms of criminal legal system abuse are jury tampering, the practice of directing enticements or threats to jurors in order to influence their deliberations, and falsification of evidence, which refers to any of a variety of ways evidence is improperly manipulated. One particular case of falsifying evidence is the frameup, a chiefly American term for the manufacture or manipulation of evidence for the purpose of indicating the guilt of an innocent party.
, paralegals and other professionals involved in legal advocacy can abuse the system in a number of ways. In some cases, representation may be well-intended but nonetheless incompetent. In others, lawyers engage in misconduct in an effort to gain unfair advantage for their clients or in pursuit of some self-interest.
Although the primary consequence of unaddressed legal-system abuse for victims is injustice, abuses of the legal system inflict harm in many other ways. Civil litigation and criminal defense of the innocent impose psychological stress, often severe, upon the parties involved. Often such stress will affect physical health as well. When the system is abused and justice is denied as a result, stress and its effects can be exacerbated enormously. Some victims enduring such abuse might even feel they have no other alternatives but to relocate to a different country. Legal abuse often goes hand-in-hand with the lack of protection or trust of the victim by police. Often abusers are people with positions of high authority who themselves engage in illegal activity such as gang-stalking or other serious crime which they know how to get away with. Karin Huffer, M.S., M.F.T. coined the term Legal Abuse Syndrome as a form of post traumatic stress disorder caused by ethical violation, legal abuse, betrayal, abuse of power, abuse of authority, lack of accountability and fraud. Chronic and legal abuse have societal effects as well, including distrust of the law, law enforcement and the legal system, rationalization of small crimes by ordinarily honest citizens, and psychological stress.
