Margaret Leonora Eyles was an English novelist, feminist and memoirist. Captivity has been described as "her strongest fictional expression of the chains that bind women, body and soul."
Early life
Eyles was born in Swindon, Wiltshire, the eldest of the three children of Andrew Tennant Pitcairn and his wife Rosa, née Bevan. The fortunes of her father's Staffordshire pottery works were declining. She grew up at Tunstall near Stoke-on-Trent. She was educated at day schools and won a scholarship to stay as a pupil teacher at a local board school when she was 14. After her mother died, her father remarried but himself died three years later, leaving her in the hands of an uncongenial young stepmother. Having been forbidden at home to take up a place at a teacher training college, she fled to London at the age of 18 and found an ill-paid job addressing envelopes. She then sold some objects left to her by her mother and raised the money to move to Australia as a domestic servant. There she married, in about 1909, the medical student Alfred William Eyles and had three children in 1910, 1912 and 1914, the last two in London. However, Eyles left her to bring them up on her own. She lived in Peckham, south-east London, doing ill-paid work, until she gained a post as an appeals writer for the charity Barnardo's.
Writings
Eyles worked during the First World War as a munitions worker in Woolwich Arsenal, where she enjoyed the company of some 2000 women workers. Her experiences of deprivation formed the basis for a documentary book, The Woman in the Little House, which appeared first as a serial in Time and Tide. In 1928, she married the journalist David Leslie Murray, who edited the Times Literary Supplement from 1938 to 1944, but retained the name Eyles for her writings. She became sought after as a trade-union speaker and socialist writer, before eventually joining the women's paper Woman's Own as an "agony aunt". A pacifist, a socialist and a vegetarian, Eyles also became interested in theosophy, but abandoned her pacifism in the Second World War. Her struggles are clear from her autobiographical work For My Enemy Daughter, addressed to her elder daughter, Vivyan Leonora Eyles, who had remained in Italy with her Italian husband, Mario Praz. Margaret Leonora Eyles's traumatic childhood was recalled in The Ram Escapes. The books for which she is best remembered attack and suggest ways of averting the social, economic and sexual subjugation of women: Women's Problems of To-Day, Careers for Women, Commonsense about Sex, and Eat Well in War-Time. These themes were supported also by her "slum" novels: Margaret Protests contrasts urban deprivation with rural freedom, while at the same time exploring the still controversial subject of birth control. Hidden Lives centres on a female doctor in general practice. More mundanely, Eyles also wrote some successful crime fiction.
