Les Barricades Mystérieuses
Les Barricades Mystérieuses is a piece of music that François Couperin composed for harpsichord in 1717. It is the fifth piece in his "Ordre 6ème de clavecin" in B-flat major, from his second book of collected harpsichord pieces. It is emblematic of the style brisé characteristic of French Baroque keyboard music.
Music
The work is in rondeau form, employing a variant of the traditional romanesca in the bass in quadruple time rather than the usual triple time."The four parts create an ever-changing tapestry of melody and harmony, interacting and overlapping with different rhythmic schemes and melodies. The effect is shimmering, kaleidoscopic and seductive, a sonic trompe l'oeil that seem to have presaged images of fractal mathematics, centuries before they existed."
The piece was voted at #76 in the Australian 2012 Classic 100 music of France countdown.
Title
Les Barricades Mystérieuses was originally published with the spelling Les Baricades Mistérieuses . All four possible spelling combinations have since been used with "double r" and a "y" being the most common. There has been much speculation on the meaning of the phrase "mysterious barricades" with no direct evidence available to back up any theory. Nevertheless, of those that link the title to features of the music itself, Evnine believes harpsichordist Luke Arnason's is the most plausible:While the title reflects the musical structure, there may be more at play. The suggestion of barricades is "a double entendre referring simultaneously to feminine virginity and the suspensions harmonic of the music, lute figurations are imitated to produce an enigmatic stalemate", as Judith Robison Kipnis explained the work's title and its interpretation by her husband Igor Kipnis.
The Love Letter
Other suggested meanings for the title include:
- impeding communication between people
- between past and present or present and future
- between life and death
- between the immanent and transcendent
- women's underwear, or chastity belts
- allegedly a common way of referring to women's eyelashes among the Salonnière of the 17th century
- masks worn by performers of :fr: Grandes Nuits de Sceaux#Les Fêtes|Le Mystère ou les Fêtes de l'Inconnu staged by one of Couperin's patrons, the Duchesse du Maine in 1714
- a "technical joke...the continuous suspensions in the lute style being a barricade to the basic harmony".
Homages and references in other works
Music
- 1971 Moog synthesizer rendition titled Variations on Couperin's Rondeau on the album "Short Circuits" by Ruth White.
- 1973 harpsichord piece titled Barricades. on the album "Bhajebochstiannanas" by Anthony Newman.
- 1982 piece for Sinclavier, "Las Barricadas Misteriosas" composed by Sergio Barroso.
- 1984 written for, and incorporating texts by Christopher Hewitt, a piece for women's chorus, piccolo, bassoon, harpsichord and clapping titled "Les Barricades Mysteriéuses" by Juilliard composer Andrew Thomas.
- 1986 album titled Heavenly Bodies including the "Appia Suite", one movement of which is titled "Les Barricades mystérieuses", by British Jazz composer Barbara Thompson. Rerecorded in the same year to be the title track of the German film Zischke.
- 1987 piece for solo guitar by John Williams on his album "The Baroque Album"
- 1988 rock piece titled "Mysterious Barricades" on the album of the same name by former Police guitarist Andy Summers.
- 1989 work for flute and orchestra called "Les Barricades Mystérieuses" by Luca Francesconi.
- 1989 piece for three recorders called "Les Barricades" by Matthias Maute.
- 1990 a harpsichord concerto titled "Mysterious Barricades" commissioned by the Cleveland Chamber Symphony composed by Tyler White.
- 1994 quintet arrangement for clarinet, bass clarinet, viola, cello and double bass in the album "America: A prophecy" by Thomas Adès.
- 1994 piece for solo guitar titled "Mysterious Habitats" by Serbian guitarist Dusan Bogdanovic.
- 1995 sextet arrangement for flute, oboe, clarinet, violin, viola, and cello titled "Les Barricades mystérieuses", the fourth of nine movements that make up the composition Récréations françaises by French composer Gérard Pesson.
- 1995 commissioned by the Villa-Lobos Orchestra for 12 cellos, Le Barricate Misteriose composed by Italian composer Gabriella Zen.
- Mid-1990s solo percussion and electronic piece titled Mysterious Barricades on the album of the same name by Scott Smallwood.
- 1997 commissioned by the San Antonio Symphony Orchestra, "Las Barricadas Misteriosas" is the third movement of ``Sinfonía à la Mariachi by Robert Xavier Rodriguez.
- 1999 "Les Baricades Fantasques" is the second movement of a suite of three harpsichord pieces paying homage to Scarlatti, Couperin, and Bach, by American composer Robert T. Kelley.
- 2001 "Girándula" for 4 corni di bassetto or 4 bass clarinets, based on "Les Barricades mystérieuses", by Jacobo Durán-Loriga.
- 2002 folk song "Mysterious Barricades" on the album Letter to the Editor'' by Max Ochs.
- 2003 piece for drums, voice and instruments titled "Through the Mysterious Barricade" by Philip Corner. This was revisited in 2011 with a new work titled ""Petite fantasie sur Les Barricades Mystérieuses d'après François Couperin."
- 2007 "decomposition and performance" for piano titled "Les Barricades" Canadian performance artist Yawen Wang.
- 2009 electronic piece titled "Les Barricades Mystérieuses" by Portuguese composer António Ferreira.
- 2009 music video "Les Barricades Mystérieuses" by French electro-acoustic artist Mulinex.
- 2010 piece for oboe, horn, violin, viola, cello and harpsichord titled "The Mysterious Barricades" by Korean composer Jung Sun Kang.
- 2019 song “Bambina” off the album “Father of the Bride” by Vampire Weekend bearing resemblance to the piece.
Visual arts
Film
- 2006: featured in Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette..
- 2011: featured prominently in Terrence Malick's film Tree of Life.
- 2015: featured in the French movie Nous trois ou rien.''
Literature
- 1922: The Worm Ourobouros. ER. Eddison. Early in this fantasy novel the protagonist and his wife, hearing their daughter play this piece, comment to each other that only they know the true meaning of the title.
- 2002: featured in the thriller novel Imprimatur by Rita Monaldi and Francesco Sorti, as the cure for an artificial pestilence.