Li Sigong , né Tuoba Sigong, formally the Duke of Xia, was a Tangut warlord of the late Tang dynasty, who, for his contributions against the rebel Huang Chao, was installed as Dingnan Jiedushi as its military governor. The position was hereditary and passed down through his family, eventually becoming the fully independent Tangut state of Western Xia from the 11th to 13th centuries.
Background
It is not known when Tuoba Sigong was born. His family was of Tangut stock from the Pingxia branch. Late in the Xiantong era of Emperor Yizong, he seized control of You Prefecture, which had been established by the Tang imperial government to govern the Tangut, and claimed the title of prefect.
Campaign against Huang Chao
Around new year 881, during the reign of Emperor Xizong, the major agrarian rebel Huang Chao attacked and captured the Tang imperial capitalChang'an, forcing Emperor Xizong to flee to Chengdu. Huang established a new state of Qi as its emperor. A number of Tang generals near Chang'an gathered their troops to prepare to attack Huang to recapture Chang'an. Tuoba Sigong gathered his own troops and went to Fu Prefecture to rendezvous with Li Xiaochang the military governor of Fuyan Circuit. They swore an oath to attack Huang, and subsequently advanced south toward Chang'an. In light of Tuoba Sigong's display of loyalty, Emperor Xizong made him the acting military governor of Xiasui Circuit. Subsequently, with Tang forces gathered around Chang'an, Huang abandoned Chang'an. The forces under the Tang generals Tang Hongfu, Cheng Zongchu, and Wang Chucun entered the city, but did not notify Tuoba, Li Xiaochang, or Zheng Tian the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit. The Tang forces that entered the city became bogged down in pillaging the city, and Qi forces counterattacked, crushing them and recapturing Chang'an. Subsequently, Qi forces engaged those under Tuoba and Li Xiaochang at Wangqiao, defeating them. Tuoba and Li Xiaochang nevertheless stayed in the area, and Huang sent his general Zhu Wen to defend against them. Soon thereafter, Emperor Xizong made Tuoba full military governor and renamed his circuit Dingnan Circuit. Tuoba and Li Xiaogong then engaged Zhu and the major Qi general Shang Rang, but could not prevail, and withdrew. Subsequently, Tuoba was also made the acting mayor of Jingzhao Municipality. However, the extent of his participation in the subsequent Tang victory over Huang is not known—although the Song Dynasty work the New History of the Five Dynasties, which referred to him as Tuoba Sijing in the biographies of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period military governors of Dingnan Circuit, for reasons unclear, had the semi-laudatory, semi-derogatory explanation that because Tuoba had neither great accomplishments nor rebellious acts against the imperial government, his deeds went largely unrecorded. After Huang was destroyed, Tuoba was created the Duke of Xia, and given the imperial surname of Li. At some point, he also apparently seized Fuyan Circuit, an act that later was referred to by Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong.
Death
In 886, after Emperor Xizong fled to Xingyuan due to a major dispute between the powerful eunuchTian Lingzi and Li Keyong and Wang Chongrong the military governor of Hezhong Circuit, Tian's erstwhile allyZhu Mei the military governor of Jingnan Circuit declared Emperor Xizong's distant relativeLi Yun the Prince of Xiang the new emperor. Emperor Xizong ordered Li Sigong to attack Zhu. Before Li Sigong could launch his troops, however, he died. Emperor Xizong gave Li Sigong's younger brothersLi Sijian Dingnan Circuit and Li Sixiao Baoda Circuit. Li Sijian's successor Li Yichang might have been Li Sigong's son—the traditional sources differ as to whether he was Li Sijian's son or Li Sigong's son.
