Ligusticum scoticum, known as Scots lovage, or Scottish licorice-root, is a perennial plant of the family Umbelliferae found near the coasts of northern Europe and north-eastern North America. It grows up to tall and is found in rock crevices and cliff-top grassland. It is closely related to, and possibly conspecific with, Ligusticum hultenii from the coast of the northern Pacific Ocean. The plant is edible and contains the compoundsotolon which is also present in fenugreek. The leaves have a flavour similar to parsley or celery, while the seeds taste similar to fenugreek or cumin.
Description
Ligusticum scoticum is a herbaceous perennial plant which typically grows tall. It has triangular, twice-ternate leaves, long, with each lobe long. The edges of the leaves may be toothed, lobed or serrated, and are typically either a paler green or magenta. The stem branches infrequently, and bears 2–5 inflorescences, each of which is a compound umbel in diameter. There are typically 8–12 rays in both the primary and secondary umbels. Each individual flower is around in diameter and greenish-white in colour. The fruit are long, with five prominent ridges on each carpel. Ligusticum scoticum tastes and smells like parsley or celery, and was formerly widely eaten in western Britain, both for nutrition and to combatscurvy.
Within the British Isles, Ligusticum scoticum is only found on coasts where the mean annual temperature is below, and this bound is likely to also apply in other parts of the species' range. Towards the southern end of its range, the plant performs poorly on south-facing sites. It grows in fissures in rocks, where it may be the only vascular plant, and also in cliff-top grassland communities dominated by Festuca rubra and Plantago maritima. Ligusticum scoticum cannot tolerate grazing, and is harmed by the actions of nesting seabirds; it is therefore rarely found on bird cliffs, or where grazing sheep and rabbits are found. It is, however, tolerant of salt spray, and its growth has been shown to improve when given dilute sea water. The leaves of L. scoticum are frost-tolerant, and die back each winter, but regrow very rapidly the following spring. In the British Isles, flowering occurs from June to August, and the seeds are ripe in October or November; the timing is expected to be later at higher latitudes. The flowers of L. scoticum are visited by generalist pollinators, mostly flies.
Taxonomy
Ligusticum scoticum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. Linnaeus originally used the epithetscothicum, and this is used by many authors in North America; in Europe, the amended spelling scoticum is used.
