Lindley system
An early system of plant taxonomy, the Lindley system, was first published by John Lindley as An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany. This was a minor modification of that of de Candolle. He developed this further over a number of publications, including the Nixus plantarum and a second edition of Natural History, in which he introduced the concept of a higher order of taxonomic rank, the Alliances, in which to embedded the Tribes. He also expanded his ideas on Exogens in his entry of that name in the Penny Cyclopedia. In 1839 he revised his division of the plant kingdom into classes in an article in the Botanical Register. Lindley's system culminated in the three editions of his Vegetable Kingdom.
The schema of the Natural History is shown on pages xxxv and xxxvii-xlviii. In the Vegetable Kingdom, the schema for the first edition is on pp. lv–lxviii. The third and final edition was published in 1853, with the schema on p. lv. Cross references from Natural History to Vegetable Kingdom in .
Summary
''An Introduction to the Natural History of Botany'' (1830)
- Class I: Vasculares p. 1
- * Subclass I: Exogenae p. 1
- ** Tribe I. Angiospermae p. 2
- ** Tribe II. Gymnospermae p. 245
- * Subclass II: Endogenae p. 251
- ** Tribe I Petaloideae p. 252
- ** Tribe II Glumaceae
- Class II: Cellulares
- * 1. Filicoideae
- * 2. Muscoideae
- * 3. Aphyllae
- Index to Introduction to Natural History p. 345
''Vegetable Kingdom'' (1846–1853)
- Class I: Thallogens
- Class II: Acrogens
- Class III: Rhizogens
- Class IV: Endogens
- Class V: Dictyogens
- Class VI: Gymnogens
- Class VII: Exogens
- Index to Vegetable Kingdom p. 833
Natural History orders
Class I: Vasculares: Flowering plants
p. 1Subclass I: Exogenae (Dicotyledons)
- Tribe I. Angiospermae p. 2
- * Polypetale 165 orders p. 2
- ** Thalamiflorae
- *** Apocarpae
- **** 23. Menispermeae p. 31
- ****...
- **** 117. Coriarieae p. 135
- *** Syncarpae
- **** 5. Nymphaeaceae
- ****...
- **** 130. Violaceae p. 146
- ****...
- **** 107. Humiriaceae
- ** Calyciflorae
- *** Apocarpae
- *** 38. Saxifrageae
- ***...
- *** 147. Crassulaceae
- *** Syncarpae
- **** 132. Malesherbiaceae
- ****...
- **** 1. Araliaceae p. 4
- ****...
- **** 58. Alangieae
- * Apetale
- ** Aristolochiae
- **...
- ** Empetreae
- * Achlamydeae
- ** Podostemeae
- **....
- ** Piperaceae
- * Monopetale
- ** Gesnereae
- **...
- ** Orobancheae
- Tribe II. Gymnospermae p. 245
- * Coniferae
- * Cycadeae
Subclass II: Endogenae (Monocotyledons)
- Tribe I Petaloideae 32 orders p. 252
- * Tripetaloideae 8 orders
- ** 230 Butomeae
- ** 229 Alismaceae
- ** 232 Commelineae
- ** 233 Xyrideae
- ** 231 Hydrocharideae
- ** 234 Bromeliaceae
- ** 241 Scitamineae
- ** 242 Marantaceae
- * Hexapetaloideae
- ** 235: Hypoxideae
- ** 236: Burmannieae
- ** 237: Haemodoraceae p. 258*** 239: Irideae p. 260
- ** 238: Amaryllideae p. 259*** 240: Orchideae
- ** 239: Irideae
- ** 240 Orchideae
- ** 239 Irideae
- ** 236 Burmanniae
- ** 243 Musaceae
- ** 235 Hypoxideae
- ** 238 Amaryllideae
- ** 237 Haemadoraceae
- **............
- **............
- ** 244 Junceae
- ** 247 Asphodeleae
- ** 248 Gilliesieae
- ** 251 Liliaceae
- ** 249 Smilaceae
- ** 253 Restiaceae - Glumaceae
- * Spadiceae
- ** 254 Pandaneae p. 284
- ** 255 Typhaceae p. 285
- ** 256 Aroideae p. 286
- ** 257 Balanophoreae p. 288
- ** 258 Fluviales p. 289
- ** 259 Juncagineae p. 290
- ** 259 Pistiaceae p. 291
- Tribe II Glumaceae 2 orders p. 292
- * Cyperaceae
- * Gramineae p. 292
Class II: Cellulares: Flowerless plants
- 1. Filicoideae, or Fern-like plants
- * Equisetaceae
- * Filices
- * Lycopodiaceae
- * Marsileaceae
- 2. Muscoideae, or Moss-like plants
- * Musci
- * Hepaticae
- * Characeae
- 3. Aphyllae
- * Lichenes
- * Fungi
- * Algae
Vegetable Kingdom alliances and orders
Flowerless plants
p. 5Class I: Thallogens
3 Alliances- * Algales p. 8
- ** Diatomaceae
- **...
- ** Characeae
- * Fungales, Fungi p. 29
- ** Hymenomycetes
- **...
- ** Physomycetes
- * Lichenales, Lichens p. 45
- ** Graphidaceae
- ** Collemaceae
- ** Parmeliaceae
Class II: Acrogens
- * Muscales, or Moss-like plants p. 54
- ** Hepaticae
- *** Ricciaceae
- ***...
- *** Equisetaceae, Horsetails
- ** Musci
- *** Andraeaceae
- *** Bryaceae
- * Lycopodales p. 68
- ** Lycopodaceae
- ** Marsileaceae
- * Filicales p. 74
- ** Ophioglossaceae
- ** Polypodiaceae, Ferns
- ** Danaeaceae
Flowering plants
Class III: Rhizogens
3 orders p. 83- Balanophoraceae p. 88
- Cytinaceae p. 91
- Rafflesiaceae p. 93
Class IV: Endogens (Monocotyledons)
- Glumales 5 orders p. 105
- * Graminaceae, Grasses
- * Cyperaceae, Sedges
- *...
- * Eriocaulaceae, Pipeworts
- Arales 4 orders p. 123
- * Pistiaceae
- * Typhaceae
- * Araceae
- * Pandanaceae
- Palmales, Palms 1 order p. 133
- * Palmaceae
- Hydrales 4 orders p. 140
- * Hydrocharidaceae
- * Naiadaceae
- * Triuridaceae
- * Zosteraceae
- Narcissales 6 orders p. 146
- * Bromeliaceae p. 147
- * Taccaceae
- * Haemodoraceae
- * Hypoxidaceae p. 154
- * Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllids 4 tribes 68 genera 400 species p. 155
- ** Amarylleae
- ** Narcisseae
- ** Alstromerieae
- ** Agaveae
- * Iridaceae p. 159
- Amomales 3 orders p. 162
- * Musaceae
- * Zingiberaceae
- * Marantaceae
- Orchidales 3 orders p. 170
- * Burmanniaceae
- * Orchidaceae, Orchids
- * Apostasiaceae
- Xyridales 4 orders p. 185
- * Philydraceae
- *....
- * Mayaceae
- Juncales 2 orders p. 190
- * Juncaceae, Rushes
- * Orontiaceae
- Liliales p. 195 4 orders
- * Gilliesiaceae p. 196
- * Melanthaceae
- * Liliaceae, Lilyworts 11 tribes 133 genera 1200 species p. 200
- ** I Tulipeae
- **...
- ** IV Scilleae
- **...
- ** IX Asparageae
- **...
- ** XI Ophiopogoneae
- * Pontederaceae
- Alismales 3 orders p. 207
- * Butomaceae
- * Alismaceae
- * Juncaginaceae
Class V: Dictyogens
- Dioscoreaceae, Yams p. 214
- ...
- Roxburghiaceae
Class VI: Gymnogens
- Cycadaceae, Cycads
- Pinaceae, Conifers p. 226
- Taxaceae
- Gnetaceae
Class VII: Exogens
- Sub-class I: Diclinous Exogens 8 alliances p. 249
- Sub-class II: Hypogynous Exogens 13 alliances p. 325
- * Alliance 26: Violales p. 325
- ** Family 116: Violaceae p. 338
- Sub-class III: Perigynous Exogens 10 alliances p. 523
- * 48. Echiales p. 649
- ** Family 258: Boraginaceae p. 655
- Sub-class IV: Epigynous Exogens 7 alliances p. 688