Line 1 (Beijing Subway)
Line 1 of the Beijing Subway is the oldest and one of the busiest lines of Beijing's mass transit rail network. Line 1 runs underneath Chang'an Avenue, the city's grand east–west thoroughfare, right through the heart of Beijing with stops on either side of Tiananmen Square. Line 1's color is red. As the oldest line of the Beijing Subway, Line 1 was also the most heavily used from the time the subway opened in 1969 until January 2013, when the near-completion of the Line 10 loop caused ridership on that line to surge past Line 1. Recent traffic relief efforts have been completed in recent years. The opening of the first phase of the parallel Line 6, caused an 8.46% decrease in daily demand and a 10-20% reduction in peak flow during rush hour. In addition Beijing BRT line 2 parallels the eastern section of Line 1. However, during peak hours, sections of the line were reported in 2013 to still operate above 100% capacity.
Hours of operation
The first east-bound trains departs from Gucheng at 4:58am and Pingguoyuan at 5:10am. The first west-bound train departs Sihui at 4:56am and Sihui East at 5:05am. The last east-bound train leaves Pingguoyuan at 10:55pm. The last west-bound train leaves Sihui East at 11:15pm. For the official timetable, see.Route
Line 1's western terminus is, located in Shijingshan District. The line heads southeast to its second stop at Gucheng and from there runs straight east, following Chang'an Avenue all the way to its eastern terminus, in Chaoyang District, just beyond the 4th Ring Road. The line passes through Xidan, Wangfujing and Dongdan, among other important commercial centers of Xicheng and Dongcheng Districts, as well as the Beijing CBD near the China World Trade Center. The line is in length with 23 stations in operation. All stations except for Sihui and Sihui East are underground.Stations (from west to east)
History
The first section of subway in Beijing officially started trial operation on January 15, 1971. It was long and ran between Beijing railway station to, which today is a section of Line 1 and 2. A few months later, on August 15, 1971 the line was extended 3 stations west, to. The line was extended again to in November. On April 23, 1973, the line was extended, at this point the line is long with 17 stations. On September 15, 1981 the line was again extended westward to creating a long line with 19 stations. The line was transferred to the newly created Beijing Mass Transit Operation Corporation and was officially opened to the public, ending the decade long trial operation period. By 1981, the annual passenger volume of Beijing Subway was 64.66 million passengers, with a daily average of 177,000 passenger trips.On August 15, 1986, the second phase of subway construction started and a feasibility study on the construction of the new line between of Fuxingmen to Bawangfen was carried out. A new branch heading east to a new station,, was completed between and stations on December 28, 1987. The section between and was transferred to the newly created Line 2 and Line 1 ran between Pingguoyuan and Fuxingmen stations. In January 1991, the feasibility study report on the construction of a new line between Fuxingmen to Bawangfen was approved with construction of the new "Fuba line", starting in June 1992. On December 12, 1992, Line 1 was extended east for one station to. In 1994, Line 1's signals were upgraded to automatic train protection system. On September 28, 1999, the first section of the Fuba line between to was opened. On June 28, 2000, the section between and stations opened, merging Line 1 and the Fuba Line to create a line with 23 stations.
Due to platform congestion and suicides, a proposal was made in 2010 to refit all stations on Line 1 with platform screen doors. However, the ventilation system in the older stations of Line 1 was incompatible with full-height platform screen doors, so half height platform screen doors were chosen instead. In the meantime between 2014 and 2015, Line 1 again upgraded its signals to a communications-based train control system allowing trains to run headways down to 2 minutes during rush hour. In July 2016, the operator began installing platform screen doors on Line 1. In 2016, the platform screen doors was installed at Yong'anli station. By the end of 2017, all stations were retrofitted with half-height platform screen doors, and all the screen doors were put into operation for the first time.
| Segment | Commencement | Length | Station | Name |
| Gongzhufen — Beijing Railway Station | 1 October 1969 | 10 | Phase 1 | |
| Yuquanlu — Gongzhufen | 5 August 1971 | 3 | Yuquanlu extension | |
| Gucheng — Yuquanlu | 7 November 1971 | 3 | Gucheng extension | |
| Pingguoyuan — Gucheng | 23 April 1973 | 1 | Pingguoyuan extension | |
| Nanlishilu — Fuxingmen | 28 December 1987 | 1 | Line 1 & 2 realignment project | |
| Changchunjie — Beijing Railway Station | 28 December 1987 | -6 | Line 1 & 2 realignment project | |
| Fuxingmen — Xidan | 12 December 1992 | 1 | Xidan extension | |
| Tian'anmen West — Sihui East | 28 September 1999 | 10 | Fuba line | |
| Xidan — Tian'anmen West | 28 June 2000 | 2 | Line 1 & Fuba line merging project |
Other facilities
Rolling stock for Line 1 is maintained at and.Restricted stations
Beyond, Line 1 extends further northwest where it has several other stations including 54# Heishitou, 53#/No. 101 Gaojing and 52#/No. 102 Fushouling. Gaojing and Heishitou are in the military region. Fushouling is actually outside the military region. These stations are not open for public use.Fushouling station will open to public in several years. The station will also serve the nearby Beijing Banking & Insurance Business Park.