List of Danish monarchs

• The Kingdom of Denmark
• * Personal union of Denmark and Norway
• The Kalmar Union
• *Union of Denmark, Norway and Sweden
• *Union of Denmark and Norway
• The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
• The Kingdom of Denmark
• * Iceland
• * Greenland
• * Faroe Islands

Pre ''[House of Knýtlinga]'' Danish monarchs

• Chochilaicus—see Hugleik and Hygelac— 515 AD, mentioned by Gregory of Tours. Hugleik, according to the written sources, suffered a defeat in 515 during a naval expedition to the Frankish Empire. Hugleik is the first Danish king mentioned in European sources.
• Ongendus : Saint Willibrord wrote about when he visited the Danes, at the time ruled by Ongendus.
• Harald, named as former king in relating 9th-century events, perhaps model for legendary Harald Wartooth. Related to the Frisian king Redbad II who in 754 had to flee to "the land of the Danes" where King Harald reigned.
• Sigfred: 770s–790s
• Gudfred: 804–810, mentioned as Danish king in the Treaty of Heiligen 811.
• Hemming: 810–811/812 The Treaty of Heiligen was signed in 811 between the Danish King Hemming and Charlemagne.
• Sigfred, nephew of Gudfred, and Anulo, grandson or nephew of Harald, fought for the throne and both were killed, perhaps model for the legendary Sigurd Hring:
• Harald Klak and his brothers Ragnfrid and Hemming Halfdansson: 812–813 and again from 819/827. From 826 he and his household lived in exile with the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious, he was baptized by the bishop of Mainz in Ingelheim am Rhein. The last reference of Harald in the written sources are in the Annals of Fulda which records his execution for treason in 852.
• Sons of Gudfred: 814–820s
• *Horik I: 827–854, King of the Danes. The Frankish annals mention Horik on numerous occasions during the next couple of decades.
• Horik II: 854–860s. He is believed to have been the immediate successor of Horik I, but the annals are silent about the name of the Danish king for a few years after the disaster of 854. In 857, Horik II allowed Rorik to occupy the part of the kingdom between the sea and the Eider. Horik II was still alive in 864, when a letter was addressed to him by Pope Nicholas I.
• Late 9th century kings
• *Bagsecg:
• *Halfdan: 871–877
• *Sigfred: It is generally assumed that he was the immediate successor of Horik II, although that is not certain. His year of succession is unknown, but it was between 864 and his first appearance as king in the Frankish annals in 873. Sigifrid was baptized in 882.
• *Gudfred: 880s
• *Heiligo : 890s, described by Adam of Bremen as the immediate predecessor of the House of Olof.
• The "House of Olaf": late 9th century and early 10th century. This dynasty is described by Adam of Bremen, and members of this claimed dynasty are commemorated by the two Sigtrygg Runestones, which represent contemporary evidence that some of these kings controlled at least part of Denmark.
• *Olof the Brash, said by Adam to have been a Swede who defeated Heiligo and took the crown.
• *Gyrd and Gnupa, sons and joint successors of Olof, according to Adam. Gnupa is named by Widukind of Corvey as leader of the Danes in 934, and appears on the Sigtrygg Runestones.
• *Sigtrygg, son of Gnupa, memorialized on the Sigtrygg Runestones, presumably dating from shortly after 934.

  Semi-legendary kings

• Ragnar Lodbrok, a legendary king probably in the 9th century, only appears in sagas and late histories, and these accounts are wildly inconsistent. He may be a composite character, a chimera of several historical kings and Vikings.
• Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. Mentioned by late Chronicon Roskildense and Ragnarssona þáttr. Said to be king of Zealand and Scania, and son of Ragnar Lodbrok. He may be inspired by late 9th century King Sigfred.
• Harthacnut. According to the sagas he is son of Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, but some historians identify him with Adam's Hardegon, Svein's son, who invaded Denmark from Northmannia and supplanted the House of Olof. He may have ruled only part of Denmark, as Adam places the commencement of his long reign between 909 and 915, while the House of Olof was still ruling at least part of Denmark as late as 934. He was father of Gorm the Old.

  List of monarchs of Denmark

[House of Gorm] (c. 936–1042)

House of Fairhair">Fairhair dynasty">Fairhair (1042–1047)

[House of Estridsen] (1047–1375)

[House of Bjelbo] (1376–1387)

House of Estridsen (1376–1412)

[House of Pomerania] (1397–1439)

[House of Palatinate-Neumarkt] (1440–1448)

[House of Oldenburg] (1448–1863)

House of [Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg] (since 1863)

Timeline of Danish monarchs