List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene
This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP.
Mammals
Prehistoric mammal extinctions| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| American mastodon Mammut americanum | 8,500 | North America | |
| American mountain deer Odocoileus lucasi | 10,000 | Rocky Mountains, Guadalupe Mountains | |
| American lion Panthera leo atrox | 11,000 | Alaska to central america | - |
| Aztlanolagus agilis | 10,000 | Southeastern Arizona to Central America | |
| Beautiful armadillo Dasypus bellus | 8,000 | North American Southwest to South America | -- |
| Bison antiquus | 10,000 | U.S. and Canada | |
| Bison occidentalis | 3,000 | Alaska to Minnesota | -- |
| Camelops Camelops spp. | 8,000 | Western North America | |
| Caribbean ground sloths | 3,000 | Caribbean islands | |
| Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi | 5,800 | Northern U.S. to Central America | |
| Dire wolf Canis dirus | 7,400 | mid-latitude North American down to South America | |
| Florida spectacled bear Tremarctos floridanus | 8,000 | Southern U.S. | -- |
| Glyptodon | 10,000 | Central America to South America | |
| Harlan's muskox Bootherium bombifrons | 9,000 | North America | |
| Holmesina septentrionalis | 8,000 | Southern U.S. to South America | |
| Jefferson's ground sloth Megalonyx spp. | 11,000 | North America | |
| Mylohyus M. elmorei, M. floridanus, M. fossilis, M. gidleyi and M. nasutus | 9,000 | North America | |
| Pleistocene North American jaguar Panthera onca augusta | 10,000 | Panama to Pacific Northwest | |
| Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus exilis | 10,800-11,300 | Channel Islands of California, U.S. | |
| Saber-toothed cat Smilodon sp. | 8,000 | North America | |
| Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica | 10,000 | North America | |
| Scimitar-toothed cats Homotherium sp. | 10,000 | North America | |
| Giant short-faced bear Arctodus simus | 8,000 | North America | |
| Shrub-ox Euceratherium collinum | 9,500 | North America | |
| Steppe bison Bison priscus | 5,400 | North America | |
| Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica | 10,000 BC | North and South America | -- |
| Western horse Equus occidentalis | 10,000 | North America | |
| Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius | 2,000 | Wrangel Island |
Recent mammal extinctions
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Martinique giant rice rat Megalomys desmarestii | 1902 | Martinique | |
| Anthony's woodrat Neotoma anthonyi | 1926 | Mexico | -- |
| Atlantic gray whale Eschrichtius robustus | 17th Century | East Coast | |
| Banks Island wolf Canis lupus bernardi | 1920 | Arctic Archipelago | -- |
| Barbados raccoon Procyon lotor gloveralleni | 1964 | Barbados | -- |
| Bunker's woodrat Neotoma bunkeri | 1932 | Mexico | |
| California grizzly bear Ursus arctos californicus | 1922 | California | |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis | 1952 | Caribbean Sea | |
| Cascade Mountains wolf Canis lupus fuscus | 1940 | Pacific Northwest | -- |
| Cuban coney Geocapromys columbianus | 1500s | Cuba | -- |
| Eastern cougar Puma concolor couguar | Unknown | Northeastern North America | |
| Eastern elk Cervus canadensis canadensis | 1877 | Laurentia | |
| Goff's pocket gopher Geomys pinetis goffi | 1955 | Florida | -- |
| Gull Island vole Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus | 1897 | Gull Island, New York | -- |
| Hispaniolan edible rat Heteropsomys insulans | 1500s | Hispaniola | -- |
| Insular cave rat Heteropsomys insulans | 1600s | Puerto Rico | -- |
| Imposter hutia Hexolobodon phenax | 1500s | Hispaniola | -- |
| Jamaican monkey Xenothrix mcgregori | 1500s | Jamaica | -- |
| Jamaican rice rat Oryzomys antillarum | 1870s | Jamaica | |
| Little Swan Island hutia Geocapromys thoracatus | 1955 | Swan Islands, Honduras | |
| Marcano's solenodon Solenodon marcanoi | 1500s | Hispaniola | -- |
| Merriam's elk Cervus canadensis merriami | 1906 | Southwestern USA | -- |
| Mexican grizzly bear Ursus arctos nelsoni | 1964 | Mexico and Southwestern USA | |
| Montane hutia Isolobodon montanus | 1500s | Hispaniola | -- |
| Nelson's rice rat Oryzomys nelsoni | 1897 | María Madre Island, Mexico | |
| Nevis rice rat Pennatomys nivalis | 1500s | Netherlands & Saint Kitts and Nevis | -- |
| Newfoundland wolf Canis lupus beothucus | 1911 | Newfoundland | |
| Oriente cave rat Boromys offella | 1500s | Cuba | |
| Pallid beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus | 1959 | Florida | -- |
| Puerto Rican hutia Isolobodon portoricensis | 1600s | Hispaniola and Puerto Rico | -- |
| Puerto Rican long-nosed bat Monophyllus frater | 1600s | Puerto Rico | -- |
| Saint Lucia giant rice rat Megalomys luciae | 1852 | St. Lucia | |
| Saint Vincent pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys victus | 1898 | St. Vincent | -- |
| Samana hutia Plagiodontia ipnaeum | 1500s | Hispaniola | -- |
| San Martín Island woodrat Neotoma martinensis | 1950 | San Martín Island, Mexico | -- |
| Sea mink Neovison macrodon | 1860 | Atlantic Canada and New England | -- |
| Smith Island cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi | 1987 | Smith Island, Virginia | -- |
| Southern California kit fox Vulpes macrotis macrotis | 1903 | Southern California, USA | -- |
| Southern Rocky Mountain wolf Canis lupus youngi | 1935 | Southern Rocky Mountains, USA | -- |
| Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas | 1768 | Commander Islands | |
| Tacoma pocket gopher Thomomys mazama tacomensis | 1970 | Pacific Northwest | -- |
| Torre's cave rat Boromys torrei | 1500s | Cuba | |
| Tule shrew Sorex ornatus juncensis | 1905 | Baja California, Mexico | -- |
| West Indies nesophontes Nesophontes sp. Atalaye nesophontes Cuban nesophontes Greater Cuban nesophontes Haitian nesophontes Lesser Cuban nesophontes Puerto Rican nesophontes Saint Michel nesophontes Slender Cuban nesophontes Western Cuban nesophontes | 1500s | Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Cayman Islands |
Possibly extinct mammals
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Dwarf hutia Mesocapromys nanus | 1937 | Cuba | -- |
| Garrido's hutia Mysateles garridoi | 1989 | Banco de los Jardins y Jardinillos, Cuba | -- |
| Puebla deer mouse Peromyscus mekisturus | 1948 | Puebla, Mexico | -- |
| San Quintin kangaroo rat Dipodomys gravipes | 1986 | Baja California, Mexico | -- |
| San Felipe hutia Mesocapromys sanfelipensis | 1978 | San Felipe, Cuba | -- |
| Sclater's shrew Sorex sclateri | Unknown | Chiapas, Mexico | -- |
Birds
Prehistoric bird extinctions| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Aiolornis incredibilis | Late Pleistocene | North America | -- |
| Antillean cave rail Nesotrochis debooyi | Late Pleistocene | Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands | |
| Californian turkey Meleagris californica | 10,000 BC. | California | -- |
| Cathartornis gracilis | 10,000 BC | California | -- |
| Chendytes lawi | 1800 BC. | California Coast | |
| Cuban condor Gymnogyps varonai | Early Holocene | Cuba | -- |
| Daggett's eagle Buteogallus daggetti | 13000 BC. | California and Nuevo León, Mexico | -- |
| La Brea stork Ciconia maltha | 10000 BC. | Western, Southern USA and Cuba | |
| Saint Croix macaw Ara autocthones | Unknown | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | -- |
| Teratorns Teratornis merriami and Teratornis woodburnensis | 8000 BC. | North America | |
| Woodward's eagle Amplibuteo woodwardi | Late Pleistocene | Caribbean | -- |
Recent bird extinctions
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Antiguan burrowing owl Athene cunicularia amaura | late 19th century | Antigua and Barbuda | -- |
| Atitlán grebe Podilymbus gigas | 1989 | Guatemala | |
| Bahaman barn owl Tyto pollens | c. 16th century | Andros Island, Bahamas | |
| Bermuda flicker Colaptes oceanicus | c. 18th century | Bermuda | -- |
| Bermuda hawk Bermuteo avivorus | c. 1603 | Bermuda | -- |
| Bermuda night heron Nyctanassa carcinocatactes | c. 18th century | Bermuda | -- |
| Bermuda saw-whet owl Aegolius gradyi | 1600s | Bermuda | -- |
| Brace's emerald Chlorostilbon bracei | 1870s | Bahamas | -- |
| Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis | 1918 | Eastern U.S. and Canada | |
| Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis bairdii | c. 1990 | Cuba | |
| Cuban macaw Ara tricolor | 1860s | Cuba | |
| Dusky seaside sparrow Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens | 1987 | Florida, U.S. | |
| Gould's emerald Chlorostilbon elegans | Unknown | Bahamas or Jamaica | |
| Grand Cayman thrush Turdus ravidus | 1940s | Grand Cayman | -- |
| Great auk Pinguinus impennis | 1852 | North Atlantic Coast | |
| Guadalupe caracara Caracara lutosa | 1900 | Guadalupe, Mexico | |
| Guadeloupe burrowing owl Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis | late 19th century | Guadeloupe | -- |
| Guadeloupe parakeet Aratinga labati | c. 18th century | Guadeloupe | |
| Guadeloupe parrot Amazona violacea | 1779 | Guadeloupe | |
| Heath hen Tympanuchus cupido cupido | 1932 | New England | |
| Labrador duck Camptorhynchus labradorius | 1878 | Atlantic Northeast | |
| Lesser Antillean macaw Ara guadeloupensis | 1760 | Guadeloupe | |
| Martinique parrot Amazona martinicana | 1779 | Martinique | |
| Mauge's parakeet Aratinga chloroptera maugei | 1779 | Mona Island, Puerto Rico | |
| New Mexico sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi | 1954 | United States | -- |
| Passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius | 1914 | Eastern U.S. and Canada | |
| Slender-billed grackle Quiscalus palustris | 1910 | Central Mexico | |
| Spectacled cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus | 1850 | Komandorski Islands | |
| Socorro elf owl Micrathene whitneyi graysoni | 1970 | Mexico | -- |
Possibly extinct birds
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Bachman's warbler Vermivora bachmanii | 1988 | Southeastern USA | |
| Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis | 1981 | Alaska to Argentina | |
| Guadalupe storm-petrel Oceanodroma macrodactyla | 1912 | Guadalupe, Mexico | |
| Imperial woodpecker Campephilus imperialis | 1990s | Mexico | |
| Indigo-capped hummingbird Amazilia cyanifrons | Early 1940s | Costa Rica | |
| American ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis principalis | After 1944 | Southeastern U.S. | |
| Jamaican petrel Pterodroma caribbaea | 1879 | Jamaica | |
| Jamaican poorwill Siphonorhis americana | 1860 | Jamaica | |
| Semper's warbler Leucopeza semperi | 1961 | St. Lucia |
Reptiles
Recent reptile extinctions| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Martinique giant ameiva Ameiva major | Unknown | Martinique | |
| Martinique curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus herminieri | 1830s | Martinique | -- |
| Navassa curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus eremitus | 1868 | Navassa Island | -- |
| Guadeloupe ameiva Pholidoscelis cineraceus | 1928 | Guadeloupe | -- |
| Navassa Island dwarf boa Tropidophis bucculentus | Late 19th century | Navassa Island | -- |
| Navassa Island iguana Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis | Late 19th century | Navassa Island | -- |
| Saint Croix racer Borikenophis sanctaecrucis | Unknown | St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands | -- |
Possibly extinct reptiles
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Culebra Island giant anole Xiphosurus roosevelti | 1978 | Culebra Island, Puerto Rico | -- |
| Jamaica giant galliwasp Celestus occiduus | 1840 | Jamaica |
Amphibians
Recent amphibian extinctions| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Ainsworth's salamander Plethodon ainsworthi | 1964 | U.S. | -- |
| Craugastor chrysozetetes | Unknown | Honduras | -- |
| Craugastor escoces | 1986 | Costa Rica | -- |
| Golden toad Bufo periglenes | 1989 | Costa Rica | |
| Rabbs' fringe-limbed treefrog Ecnomiohyla rabborum' | 2016 | Panama |
Possibly extinct amphibians
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Atoyac minute salamander Thorius infernalis | 1980s | Guerrero, Mexico | -- |
| Bigfoot splayfoot salamander Chiropterotriton magnipes | Unknown | San Luis Potosí & Querétaro, Mexico | -- |
| Golden coqui Eleutherodactylus jasperi | 1981 | Puerto Rico | |
| San Martin pygmy salamander Thorius narismagnus | 1980s | Veracruz, Mexico | -- |
| Web-footed coquí Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti'' | 1974 | Puerto Rico | -- |
Fish
Prehistoric fish extinctions| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
| Saber-toothed salmon Oncorhynchus rastrosus | Late Pleistocene | Western coast of Canada and U.S. |
Recent fish extinctions
Crustaceans
- Cambarellus alvarezi, around 1994, Mexico
- Chihuahua dwarf crayfish, Cambarellus chihuahuae unknown, Mexico
- Florida fairy shrimp , Dexteria floridana, unknown, Florida
- Hemigrapsus estellinensis , 1963, Estelline, Texas
- Pasadena freshwater shrimp , Syncaris pasadenae, 1933, Los Angeles, California
- Rubious cave amphipod , Stygobromus lucifugus, unknown, Illinois
- Sandhills crayfish , Procambarus angustatus, unknown, Georgia
- Sooty crayfish , Pacifastacus nigrescens, late 19th century, San Francisco Bay, California
Insects
- American chestnut moth, Ectoedemia castaneae, unknown, U.S.
- Antioch Dunes shieldback katydid, Neduba extincta, unknown, U.S.
- Athens caddisfly, Triaenodes phalacris, Unknown, USA
- Castle Lake caddisfly, Rhyacophila amabilis, unknown, U.S.
- Central Valley grasshopper, Conozoa hyalina, unknown, U.S.
- Chestnut casebearer moth, Coleophora leucochrysella, 1900, U.S.
- Chestnut ermine moth,Argyresthia castaneella, unknown, U.S.
- Chestnut clearwing moth, Coptotriche perplexa, unknown, U.S.
- Fort Ross weevil, Trigonoscuta rossi, unknown, U.S.
- Macrancylus linearis, unknown, U.S. and West Indies
- Mono Lake diving beetle, Hygrotus artus, unknown, California
- Oeobia sp. Nov, unknown, U.S.
- Phleophagan chestnut moth, Ectoedemia phleophaga, unknown, Virginia
- Pecatonica River mayfly, Acanthometropus pecatonica, unknown, U.S.
- Rocky Mountain locust, Melanoplus spretus, 1902, Great Plains, Canada and U.S.
- Robert's stonefly, Alloperla roberti, unknown, U.S.
- Robust burrowing mayfly, Pentagenia robusta, unknown, Ohio River Area
- Three-toothed caddisfly, Triaenodes tridonata, unknown, U.S.
- Sloane's Urania butterfly, Urania sloanus, 1894, Jamaica
- Volutine stoneyian tabanid fly, Stonemyia volutina, unknown, U.S.
- Xerces blue butterfly, Glaucopsyche xerces, 1943, Sunset District of San Francisco, California
- Yorba Linda weevil, Trigonoscuta yorbalindae, unknown, U.S.
Arachnids
- Caribbean monk seal nasal mite, Halarachne americana, 1952, Caribbean Sea
- Tityus exstinctus, 1884, Martinique
Mollusks
- Acorn pearly mussel, Epioblasma haysiana, unknown, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Acorn ramshell, Planorbella multivolvis, Unknown, Michigan
- Agate rocksnail,Leptoxis clipeata, unknown, Alabama
- Alabama clubhsell, Pleurobema troschelianum, unknown, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee
- Alabama pigtoe, Pleurobema johannis, unknown, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee
- Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis, Unknown, Guadeloupe
- Angled riffleshell, Epioblasma biemarginata, after 1967, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Arc-form pearly mussel, Epioblasma arcaeformis, 1940, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Arcuate pearly mussel, Epioblasma flexuosa, unknown, U.S.
- Bigmouth rocksnail, Leptoxis occultata, unknown, Alabama
- Boulder snail, Athearnia crassa, unknown, Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia
- Brown pigtoe, Pleurobema hagleri, unknown, U.S.
- Cahaba pebblesnail, Clappia cahabensis, 1965, Cahaba River, Alabama
- Carolina elktoe, Alasmidonta robusta, unknown, the Carolinas
- Channeled pebblesnail, Somatogyrus wheeleri, unknown, Arkansas
- Closed elimia, Elimia clausa, after 1967, Alabama
- Cobble elimia, Elimia vanuxemiana, unknown, Alabama
- Constricted elimia, Elimia impressa, unknown, Alabama
- Coosa elktoe, Alasmidonta mccordi, unknown, Alabama
- Coosa pigtoe, Pleurobema murrayense, unknown, U.S.
- Coosa rocksnail, Leptoxis showalterii, unknown, U.S.
- Corded purg, Pyrgulopsis nevadensis, unknown, Nevada
- Eelgrass limpet, Lottia alveus, 1920s, Labrador to New York
- Elimia gibbera, unknown, Alabama
- Elimia macglameriana, unknown, Alabama and Georgia
- Excised slitshell, Gyrotoma excisa, unknown, Alabama
- Fine-rayed pearly mussel, Epioblasma personata, early 20th century, Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee
- Fish Lake physa, Gyrotoma excisa, unknown, Alabama
- Fusiform elimia, Elimia fusiformis, unknown, Alabama
- Green-blossom pearly mussel, Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum, 1980s, Tennessee River
- Hazel pigtoe, Pleurobema avellanum, unknown, U.S.
- Hearty elimia, Elimia jonesi, unknown, Alabama
- Highnut, Pleurobema altum, unknown, U.S.
- High-spired elimia, Elimia hartmaniana, unknown, U.S.
- Incerticyclus cinereus, unknown, Martinique
- Incerticyclus martinicensis, unknown, Martinique
- Lewis pearly mussel, Epioblasma lewisii, unknown, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Leptoxis torrefacta, unknown, U.S.
- Little flat-top snail, Neoplanorbis tantillus unknown, Alabama
- Lined pocketbook, Lampsilis binominata, unknown, U.S.
- Longnut, Pleurobema nucleopsis, unknown, U.S.
- Lyrate rocksnail, Leptoxis lirata, unknown, Alabama
- Maiden rocksnail, Leptoxis formosa, unknown, Alabama and Georgia
- Nearby pearly mussel, Epioblasma propinqua, 1901, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Neoplanorbis carinatus, unknown, U.S.
- Neoplanorbis smithi, unknown, U.S.
- Neoplanorbis umbilicatus, unknown, U.S.
- Oachita pebblesnail, Somatogyrus amnicoloides, unknown, Arkansas
- Ochlockonee arcmussel, Alasmidonta wrightiana, unknown, Florida
- Oleacina guadeloupensis, unknown, Guadeloupe
- Olive marstonia, Marstonia olivacea, 1940, Alabama
- Pagoda slitshell, Gyrotoma pagoda, unknown, Alabama
- Pleurodonte desidens, 1834, Martinique
- Pupa elimia, Elimia pupaeformis, unknown, Alabama
- Pygmy elimia, Elimia pygmaea, unknown, Alabama
- Pyramid slitshell, Gyrotoma pyramidata, unknown, Alabama
- Reverse pebblesnail, Somatogyrus alcoviensis, unknown, Georgia
- Ribbed elimia, Elimia laeta, Unknown, Alabama
- Ribbed slitshell, Gyrotoma pumila, unknown, Alabama
- Rotund rocksnail, Leptoxis ligata, unknown, Alabama
- Rough-lined elimia, Elimia pilsbryi, unknown, Alabama
- Round slitshell, Gyrotoma walkeri, unknown, Alabama
- Sampson's pearly mussel, Epioblasma sampsonii, unknown, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky
- Scioto pigtoe, Pleurobema bournianum, unknown, U.S.
- Shoal sprite, Amphigyra alabamensis, unknown, U.S.
- Short-spired elimia, Elimia brevis, unknown, Alabama
- Steward's pearly mussel,Epioblasma stewardsonii, unknown, U.S.
- Stone's pearly mussel, Epioblasma lenior, after 1965, Alabama and Tennessee
- Striate slitshell, Gyrotoma lewisii, unknown, U.S.
- Striped rocksnail, Leptoxis vittata, unknown, U.S.
- Thick-lipped pebblesnail, Somatogyrus crassilabris, unknown, Arkansas
- Tombigbee moccasinshell, Medionidus mcglameriae, unknown, U.S.
- True pigtoe, Pleurobema verum, unknown, Alabama
- Tubercled-blossom pearly mussel, Epioblasma torulosa torulosa, unknown, Canada, Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee and West Virginia
- Turgid-blossom pearly mussel, Epioblasma turgidula, unknown, U.S.
- Umbilicate pebblesnail, Clappia umbilicata, 1928, Alabama
- Yellow pigtoe, Pleurobema flavidulum, unknown, U.S.