List of Palmyrene monarchs


Below is the list of Palmyrene monarchs, the monarchs that ruled and presided over the city of Palmyra and the subsequent Palmyrene Empire in the 3rd century AD, and the later vassal princes of the Al Fadl dynasty which ruled over the city in the 14th century.

House of Odaenathus

, the lord of Palmyra, declared himself king before riding into battle against the Sassanians after news of the Roman defeat at Edessa reached him. This elevated Palmyra from a subordinate city to a de facto independent kingdom allied to Rome.
Odaenathus later elevated himself to the title of King of Kings, crowning his son co-King of Kings in 263. The title was later passed to Vaballathus his son, before it was dropped for the title of King and later Emperor.
PortraitNameRuler FromRuler UntilRelationship with PredecessorTitleNotes
Odaenathus260267King
King of Kings
Founder of the Palmyrene monarchy, dropped the King title and started using King of Kings by 263
Hairan I263267Son of OdaeanthusKing of KingsMade co-King of Kings by his father.
Maeonius267267Odaenathus' cousin.EmperorNo evidence exist for his reign, but he allegedly murdered Odaenathus and his son, Hairan and attempted a usurpation
Vaballathus267272Son of OdaenathusKing of Kings
King
Emperor
Dropped the "King of Kings" title in 270, replacing it with the Latin rex and declared emperor in 271. Reigned under the regency of his mother, Zenobia.
Zenobia267272Mother of VaballathusQueen
Empress
Ruled as a regent for her children and did not claim to rule in her own right.
Antiochus273273Possibly a son of Zenobia.Emperor

[Al Fadl] dynasty