List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Europe


The UNESCO has designated 175 World Heritage Sites in all of the 15 sovereign countries of Southern Europe: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Vatican City as well as one site in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. While Turkey has territory in Southern Europe, they are not included here but in Western Asia, and Cyprus is also included in Western Asia.
The top two countries by number of World Heritage Sites are located in this region: Italy with 55 sites and Spain with 48 sites. Seven sites are shared between several countries: Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde, Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes, Monte San Giorgio, Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura, Pyrénées – Mont Perdu, Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps and Heritage of Mercury – Almadén and Idrija. The first sites from the region were inscribed in 1979 a year after the list's conception, and included six sites in the former Yugoslavia and one site in Italy. Each year, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list, or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria. Selection is based on ten criteria: six for cultural heritage and four for natural heritage. Some sites, designated "mixed sites," represent both cultural and natural heritage. In Southern Europe, there are 154 cultural, 16 natural, and 5 mixed sites.
The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered, citing "conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List." One of the sites in Southern Europe is listed as endangered and four sites were previously listed. Possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of other cases.

Legend

World Heritage Sites

SiteImageLocationCriteriaArea
ha 		YearDescription
18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio ComplexCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Acropolis, AthensCultural:
; buffer zone 1987A collection of massive, yet perfectly balanced architectural masterpieces in harmony with the natural landscape, the Acropolis of Athens is one of the most important expressions of Classical Greek aesthetics. It was completed by the 5th century BC and has since then exerted a profound influence on architecture worldwide.
Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, GranadaCultural:
—1984The three sites are remnants of the Moorish influence in southern Spain. The fortress Alhambra and the palace Generalife were built by the rulers of the Emirate of Granada. The Albayzín district contains examples of the Moorish vernacular architecture and was added to the listing in 1994.
Medina Azahara, CórdobaCultural:
—2018Ruins of a vast, fortified Arab Muslim medieval palace-city built by Abd-ar-Rahman III, the first Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, and located on the western outskirts of Córdoba, Spain.
Alto Douro Wine RegionCultural:
; buffer zone 2001
Arab–Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalú and MonrealeCultural:
; buffer zone 2015The new Norman rulers started to build various constructions in what is called the Arab-Norman style. They incorporated the best practices of Arab and Byzantine architecture into their own art.
Aranjuez Cultural LandscapeCultural:
; buffer zone 2001The landscape around the Royal Palace of Aranjuez was developed by the Spanish royal family over a course of three centuries and contains innovative horticultural and design ideas. The area was the exclusive property of the royal family until the 19th century when the modern civilian city developed.
Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of AquileiaCultural:
1998
Archaeological Area of AgrigentoCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre AnnunziataCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Archaeological Ensemble of TárracoCultural:
2000The prominent Roman city of Tárraco at the site of modern-day Tarragona served as the capital of the provinces of Hispania Citerior and later Hispania Tarraconensis. The amphitheatre was constructed in the 2nd century. Most remains are only fragments or preserved under more modern buildings.
Archaeological Ensemble of MéridaCultural:
—1993Mérida was founded in 25 BC by the Romans as Emerita Augusta and was the capital of the Lusitania province. Remains from the Roman era include a bridge, aqueduct, amphitheatre, theatre, circus, and forum.
Archaeological Site of Aigai Cultural:
; buffer zone 1996The ancient city of Aigai was the first capital of the Kingdom of Macedon. In addition to the monumental palace, lavishly decorated with mosaics and painted stuccoes, the site contains a burial ground with more than 300 tumuli, one of which has been identified as that of Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great.
Archaeological Site of AtapuercaCultural:
—2000The caves in the Atapuerca Mountains contain fossil remains of the earliest human beings discovered in Europe dating from nearly one million years ago. The Sima de los Huesos or "Pit of Bones" contains the world's largest collection of hominid fossils.
Archaeological Site of DelphiCultural:
; buffer zone 1987The pan-Hellenic sanctuary of Delphi, location of the oracle of Apollo, was the spiritual center of the Greek world. Situated in a spectacular natural setting at the foot of Mount Parnassus, it was a symbol of Greek cultural unity from the 8th century BC onwards.
Archaeological Site of MystrasCultural:
; buffer zone 1989Long known as "the Wonder of the Morea", the remarkably well-preserved medieval city of Mystras played a central role in the final years of the Byzantine Empire. Built on a steep hill at the foot of Mount Taygetus, it was the last Byzantine stronghold to fall to the Ottomans, holding out until 1461.
Archaeological Site of OlympiaCultural:
; buffer zone 1989The site of Olympia, built on the banks of the Alpheios river in the Peloponnese, was the location of the ancient Olympic Games beginning in 776 BC. In addition to numerous temples and sanctuaries, it contains the remains of several sporting structures, such as its famous stadium.
Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and TirynsCultural:
—1999Mycenae and Tiryns were two of the most important cities of Mycenean Greece, which flourished between the 15th and 12th centuries BC. The Lion's Gate and Treasury of Atreus at Mycenae have been listed as "outstanding examples of human creative genius".
Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan SitesCultural:
; buffer zone 2000
Botanical Garden, PaduaCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Burgos CathedralCultural:
—1984The Gothic-style cathedral was constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries. It is the burial place of Spanish national hero, El Cid.
ButrintCultural:
; buffer zone 1992The site had been listed as endangered 1997–2005 following damages due to management and conservation.


Castel del MonteCultural:
; buffer zone 1996
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de BoíCultural:
—2000The small valley at the edge of the Pyrenees contains churches in Romanesque style decorated with Romanesque murals, statues, and altars. The churches are unique for their tall, square bell towers.
Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in SevilleCultural:
; buffer zone 1987The Alcázar was built during the Almohad dynasty that ruled southern Spain until the Reconquista. The cathedral dates to the 15th century and holds the tombs of Ferdinand III and Christopher Columbus. The Archivo houses documents relating to the colonization of the Americas.
Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, ModenaCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern SpainCultural:
1985The Cave of Altamira contains examples of cave painting from the Upper Paleolithic period, ranging from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. The original listing contained seventeen decorated caves. The caves are well-preserved because of their deep isolation from the external climate.
Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the AzoresCultural:
—1983
Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da VinciCultural:
1980
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di PadulaCultural:
; buffer zone 1998
City of VallettaCultural:
1980
City of VeronaCultural:
; buffer zone 2000
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the VenetoCultural:
1994

Convent of Christ in TomarCultural:
—1983
Costiera AmalfitanaCultural:
1997
Crespi d'AddaCultural:
—1995
Cultural Landscape of SintraCultural:
; buffer zone 1995
Cultural Landscape of the Serra de TramuntanaCultural:
; buffer zone 2011
DelosCultural:
1990The birthplace of Apollo and Artemis according to Greek mythology, the sacred island of Delos was one of the most important pan-Hellenic sanctuaries. The sanctuary of Apollo on Delos attracted pilgrims from all over Greece, making Delos a prosperous trading port.
Doñana National ParkNatural:
1994The park consists of the delta region where the Guadalquivir River reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It is home to a diverse variety of biotopes, such as lagoons, marshlands, dunes, and maquis. The park is one of the largest heronries in the Mediterranean region and holds more than 500,000 water fowl during the winter period.

Durmitor National ParkNatural:
1980

Early Christian Monuments of RavennaCultural:
1996
Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of PorečCultural:
1997The episcopal complex, with its striking mosaics dating back to the 6th century, is one of the best examples of early Byzantine art and architecture in the Mediterranean region and the world. It includes the basilica itself, a sacristy, a baptistery and the bell tower of the nearby archbishop's palace.
Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and TarquiniaCultural:
; buffer zone 2004
Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po DeltaCultural:
; buffer zone 1995

Garajonay National ParkSpaLa Gomera,

Natural:SpaGara
, 		1986Most of the park, in the middle of the island of La Gomera of the Canary Islands, is covered with a lush laurel forest.
Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its FortificationsCultural:
; buffer zone 2012The site, extensively fortified from the 17th to 19th centuries, represents the largest bulwarked dry ditch system in the work. Within its walls, the town contains barracks and other military buildings as well as churches and monasteries. While Elvas contains remains dating back to the 10th century A.D., its fortification began when Portugal regained independence in 1640. The fortifications designed by Dutch Jesuit Padre João Piscásio Cosmander represent the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications anywhere. The site also contains the Amoreira Aqueduct, built to enable the stronghold to withstand lengthy sieges.
Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of GaleriusCultural:
; buffer zone 2007The Late Roman fortified palace compound and memorial complex of Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius, in the east of Serbia, was commissioned by Emperor Caius Valerius Galerius Maximianus, in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. It was known as Felix Romuliana, named after the emperor's mother. The site consists of fortifications, the palace in the north-western part of the complex, basilicas, temples, hot baths, memorial complex, and a tetrapylon. The group of buildings is also unique in its intertwining of ceremonial and memorial functions.
Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei RolliCultural:
; buffer zone 2006
Gorham's Cave Complex,
Cultural:
—2016A natural sea cave, considered to be one of the last known habitations of the Neanderthals in Europe.
Ħal Saflieni HypogeumCultural:
—1980
Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and IdrijaCultural:
2012
Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of DiocletianCultural:
1979The palace was built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD, and later served as the basis of the city of Split. A cathedral was built in the Middle Ages inside the ancient mausoleum, along with churches, fortifications, Gothic and Renaissance palaces. The Baroque style makes up the rest of the area.
Historic Centre of CordobaCultural:
—1984The original listing was the Great Mosque of Córdoba, a 7th-century mosque converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral in the 13th century by Ferdinand III. During the high period of the Moorish rule of the region, Córdoba had over 300 mosques and architecture that compared to that of Constantinople, Damascus, and Baghdad.

Historic Centre of ÉvoraCultural:
—1986
Historic Centre of FlorenceCultural:
1982
Historic Centre of GuimarãesCultural:
; buffer zone 2001
Historic Centre of NaplesCultural:
—1995
Historic Centre of Oporto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do PilarCultural:
—1996
Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le MuraCultural:
1980
Historic Centre of San GimignanoCultural:
1990
Historic Centre of SienaCultural:
; buffer zone 1995
Historic Centre of the City of PienzaCultural:
1996
Historic Centre of UrbinoCultural:
; buffer zone 1998
Historic Centres of Berat and GjirokastraCultural:
; buffer zone 2005
Historic City of ToledoCultural:
—1986Toledo was founded by the Romans, served as the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, was important in Muslim Spain and during the Reconquista, and briefly served as the capital of Spain. The city combines Christian, Muslim, and Jewish influences.
Historic City of TrogirCultural:
; buffer zone 1997Trogir's rich culture was created under the influence of old Greeks, Romans, and Venetians. It is the best-preserved Romanesque-Gothic complex not only in the Adriatic, but in all of Central Europe. Trogir's medieval core, surrounded by walls, comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Historic Walled Town of CuencaCultural:
—1996The Moors built the fortified city in the early 8th century, and it was captured by the Christians in the 12th century. The cathedral is the first Gothic example in Spain. The town is also famous for its casas colgados, houses that hang over the edge of a cliff.
Ibiza, Biodiversity and CultureMixed:
1999The coast of Ibiza is home to posidonia oceanica, a seagrass only found in the Mediterranean that supports a diverse coastal and marine ecosystem. The island also contains numerous Phoenician ruins, and the fortified and walled older portions of the city date to the 16th century.
Isole Eolie Natural:
2000
Ivrea, Industrial City of the 20th CenturyCultural:
; buffer zone 2018
La Lonja de la Seda de ValenciaCultural:
—1996La Lonja de la Seda means Silk Exchange in English, and the group of Gothic buildings demonstrate the wealth of Valencia as an important Mediterranean and European mercantile city in the period.
Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard CultureCultural:
; buffer zone 2004
Las MédulasCultural:
—1997The Romans established a gold mine and worked the site for two centuries. They used an early form of hydraulic mining and cut aqueducts in the rock cliffs to provide water for the operations. The Romans left in the early 3rd century, leaving sheer cliff faces and mining infrastructure that is intact today.
Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto Cultural:
; buffer zone 2002
Laurisilva of MadeiraPorMadeira,

Natural:PorLau
, 		1999The site is the largest surviving area of laurel forest. It consists of approximately 90% old-growth forest and is home to endemic species such as the Madeiran long-toed pigeon.
Longobards in Italy. Places of the power Cultural:
; buffer zone 2011The site includes seven Longobards towns: Brescia, Cividale del Friuli, Castelseprio, Spoleto, Campello sul Clitunno, Benevento and Monte Sant'Angelo.
Madriu-Perafita-Claror ValleyCultural:
—2004

Mantua and SabbionetaCultural:
; buffer zone 2008
Medieval City of RhodesCultural:
1988The Order of St John of Jerusalem occupied Rhodes from 1309 to 1523 and set about transforming the city into a stronghold. It subsequently came under Turkish and Italian rule. With the Palace of the Grand Masters, the Great Hospital and the Street of the Knights, the Upper Town is one of the most beautiful urban ensembles of the Gothic period. In the Lower Town, Gothic architecture coexists with mosques, public baths and other buildings dating from the Ottoman period.
Medici Villas and Gardens in TuscanyCultural:
; buffer zone 2013
Medieval Monuments in KosovoKosovo, officially listed as Cultural:
; buffer zone 2004The four edifices of the site reflect the high points of the Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical culture, with its distinct style of wall painting, which developed in the Balkans between the 13th and 17th centuries. The Dečani Monastery was built in the mid-14th century for the Serbian king Stefan Dečanski and is also his mausoleum. The Patriarchal Monastery of Peć is a group of four domed churches featuring series of wall paintings. The 13th-century frescoes of the Church of Holy Apostles are painted in a unique, monumental style. Early 14th-century frescoes in the church of the Holy Virgin of Ljevisa represent the appearance of the new so-called Palaiologian Renaissance style, combining the influences of the eastern Orthodox Byzantine and the Western Romanesque traditions. The style played a decisive role in subsequent Balkan art. The site has been listed as endangered since 2006 due to a lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security.

Megalithic Temples of MaltaCultural:
—1980
Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in VišegradCultural:
; buffer zone 2007
MeteoraMixed:
; buffer zone 1988In a region of almost inaccessible sandstone peaks, monks settled on these 'columns of the sky' from the 11th century onwards. Twenty-four of these monasteries were built, despite incredible difficulties, at the time of the great revival of the eremetic ideal in the 15th century. Their 16th-century frescoes mark a key stage in the development of post-Byzantine painting.
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of ChiosCultural:
; buffer zone 1990Although geographically distant from each other, these three monasteries belong to the same typological series and share the same aesthetic characteristics. The churches are built on a cross-in-square plan with a large dome supported by squinches defining an octagonal space. In the 11th and 12th centuries they were decorated with superb marble works as well as mosaics on a gold background, all characteristic of the 'second golden age of Byzantine art'.
Monastery and Site of the Escorial, MadridCultural:
—1984El Escorial is one of several Spanish royal sites due to its history as a residence of the royal family. The palace was designed by King Philip II and architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to serve as a monument to Spain's central role in the Christian world.
Monastery of AlcobaçaCultural:
—1989
Monastery of BatalhaCultural:
; buffer zone 1983
Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in LisbonCultural:
; buffer zone 1983
Monte San GiorgioNatural:
; buffer zone 2003

Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the AsturiasCultural:
—1985The Kingdom of Asturias remained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9th century. It developed its own style of Pre-Romanesque art and architecture that is displayed in various churches and other monuments. The original entry titled "Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias" and was extended to include other monuments such as La Foncalada.

Mount AthosMixed:
1988An Orthodox spiritual centre since 1054, Mount Athos has enjoyed an autonomous statute sinceByzantine times. The 'Holy Mountain', which is forbidden to women and children, is also a recognized artistic site. The layout of the monasteries had an influence as far afield as Russia, and its school of painting influenced the history of Orthodox art.
Mount EtnaNatural:
2013
Mudejar Architecture of AragonCultural:
—1986The original listing contained four churches in Teruel in the Mudéjar style, a blending of traditional Islamic and contemporary European styles. In 2001, the listing was expanded to include an additional six monuments.
Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid regionMixed:
1979

Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of KotorCultural:
—1979The site had been listed as endangered 1979–2003 following the damage due to the 1979 Montenegro earthquake.


Old Bridge Area of the Old City of MostarCultural:
—2005
Old City of DubrovnikCultural:
; buffer zone 1979Dubrovnik became a prosperous Maritime republic during the Middle Ages, it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a remarkable level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries. The site had been listed as World Heritage in Danger 1991–1998 due to the Croatian War of Independence.


Old City of SalamancaCultural:
—1988Salamanca is important as a university city, as the University of Salamanca, founded in 1218, is the oldest in Spain and among the oldest in Europe. The city was first conquered by the Carthaginians in the 3rd century, and later ruled by the Romans and Moors. The city centre represents Romanesque, Gothic, Moorish, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture.
Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros ChurchesCultural:
—1985The defensive wall surrounding the original town was constructed in the 11th century. It features 82 semicircular towers and 9 gates, and is one of the most complete examples of town walls in Spain.
Old Town of CáceresCultural:
—1986The old town combines Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic, and Italian Renaissance architectural influences, including more than 30 Islamic towers.
Old Town of CorfuCultural:
; buffer zone 2007The Old Town of Corfu, on the Island of Corfu off the western coasts of Albania and Greece, is located in a strategic position at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea, and has its roots in the 8th century BC. The three forts of the town, designed by renowned Venetian engineers, were used for four centuries to defend the maritime trading interests of the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire. In the course of time, the forts were repaired and partly rebuilt several times, more recently under British rule in the 19th century. The mainly neoclassical housing stock of the Old Town is partly from the Venetian period, partly of later construction, notably the 19th century. As a fortified Mediterranean port, Corfu's urban and port ensemble is notable for its high level of integrity and authenticity.
Old Town of Segovia and its AqueductCultural:
—1985The Roman aqueduct was constructed in the 1st century, the medieval Alcázar palace in the 11th century, and the cathedral in the 16th.
Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, BarcelonaCultural:
—1997Both buildings were constructed in the early 20th century and designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner in the modernist Art Nouveau movement that was very popular in Barcelona in that period. The two buildings are Montaner's most famous works.
Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of ThessalonikaCultural:
1988Founded in 315 B.C., the provincial capital and sea port of Thessalonika was one of the first bases for the spread of Christianity. Among its Christian monuments are fine churches, some built on the Greek cross plan and others on the three-nave basilica plan. Constructed over a long period, from the 4th to the 15th century, they constitute a diachronic typological series, which had considerable influence in the Byzantine Empire.
Palmeral of ElcheCultural:
—2000The grove of date palm trees was formally laid out with irrigation systems under the Moors in the 10th century. The palmeral is a rare example of Arab agricultural practices in Europe.
Piazza del Duomo, PisaCultural:
; buffer zone 1987

Plitvice Lakes National ParkNatural:
1979Over time, water has flown over the natural limestone and chalk, creating natural dams which in turn have created a series of connecting lakes, waterfalls, and caves. The nearby forests are home to bears, wolves and many rare bird species. The site had been listed as endangered 1992–1997 due to the potential threat from the Croatian War of Independence.


Poblet MonasteryCultural:
—1991The monastery was founded by the Cistercians in 1151 and is one of the largest in Spain. It is associated with various royal families in medieval Spain, particularly the kings of the Crown of Aragon, a composite monarchy of the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. It is the burial place of the Crown of Aragon monarchs Alfonso II, John I, John II, James I, Ferdinana I, and Peter IV.
Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands Cultural:
1997
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the AlpsCultural:
; buffer zone 2011
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega VerdeCultural:
—1998The original 1998 listing contained examples of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in the Côa Valley of Portugal. In 2010 it was extended to include 645 engravings in the archaeological zone of Siega Verde in Spain. The two sites represent the most well-preserved collection of open-air Palaolithic art in the Iberian peninsula.
Pyrénées - Mont PerduMixed:
1997The site contains the Pyrenees mountain chain along the French-Spanish border. The Spanish portion contains two of the largest canyons in Europe, while the French side contains three large cirque walls
Pythagoreion and Heraion of SamosCultural:
; buffer zone 1992Many civilizations have inhabited this small Aegean island, near Asia Minor, since the 3rd millennium B.C. The remains of Pythagoreion, an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel-aqueduct, as well as the Heraion, temple of the Samian Hera, can still be seen.
Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and BaezaCultural:
; buffer zone 2003Renovations of the two towns in the 16th century were done under the emerging Renaissance style and are among the first examples of the style in Spain.
Residences of the Royal House of SavoyCultural:
; buffer zone 1997

Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina LandscapesCultural:
; buffer zone 2008
Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian PeninsulaCultural:
—1998The site includes over 750 examples of rock art from the late prehistoric period, which feature images ranging from geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals.
Rock Drawings in ValcamonicaCultural:
; buffer zone 1979
Roman Walls of LugoCultural:
—2000The walls built to protect the Roman town of Lucus in the 3rd century remain entirely intact and are the best remaining example in Western Europe.
Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern SpainCultural:
—1993The Route, or the Way of St. James, is a pilgrimage from the French-Spanish border to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, where the apostle James is believed to be buried.
Royal Monastery of Santa María de GuadalupeCultural:
—1993The monastery is home of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a shrine to Mary found in the 13th century after being buried from Muslim invaders in 714. The Virgin of Guadalupe and the monastery served as important symbols during the Reconquista, culminating in 1492, the same year as Columbus' discovery of America. The Guadalupe Virgin became an important symbol during the evangelization of America.
Sacri Monti of Piedmont and LombardyCultural:
; buffer zone 2003
Sanctuary of Asklepios at EpidaurusCultural:
; buffer zone 1988In a small valley in the Peloponnesus, the shrine of Asklepios, the god of medicine, developed out of a much earlier cult of Apollo, during the 6th century BC at the latest, as the official cult of the city state of Epidaurus. Its principal monuments, particularly the temple of Asklepios, the Tholos and the Theatre - considered one of the purest masterpieces of Greek architecture – date from the 4th century. The vast site, with its temples and hospital buildings devoted to its healing gods, provides valuable insight into the healing cults of Greek and Roman times.
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in BragaCultural:
2019
San Cristóbal de la LagunaSpaProvince of Santa Cruz de Tenerife,

Cultural:SpaSan
, 		1999The city contains two centres: the unplanned Upper Town, and the planned Lower Town, laid out according to philosophical principals. Many of the buildings date from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
San Marino Historic Centre and Mount TitanoCultural:
; buffer zone 2008
San Millán Yuso and Suso MonasteriesCultural:
; buffer zone 1997The original Suso monastery was founded in the mid-6th century, and is the location where the Glosas Emilianenses were written. The codixes are considered the first written examples of the Spanish and Basque languages, and the monastery is considered the birthplace of written and spoken Spanish. The newer Yuso monastery was built in the 16th century.
Royal Building of Mafra – Palace, Basilica, Convent, Cerco Garden and Hunting Park Cultural:
2019
Santiago de Compostela Cultural:
—1985The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is the reputed burial-place of the apostle James, and is the terminus of the Way of St. James, a pilgrimage across northern Spain. The town was destroyed by Muslims in the 10th century and rebuilt during the following century.
Škocjan CavesNatural:
1986
Stari Grad PlainCultural:
; buffer zone 2008The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape that was set up by the ancient Greek colonists in the 4th century BC, and remains in use today. The plain is generally still in its original form. The ancient layout has been preserved by careful maintenance of the stone walls over 24 centuries.
Stari Ras and SopoćaniCultural:
; buffer zone 1979On the outskirts of Stari Ras, the first capital of Serbia, there is an impressive group of medieval monuments consisting of fortresses, churches and monasteries. The monastery at Sopoćani is a reminder of the contacts between Western civilization and the Byzantine world.
Stećci Medieval Tombstones GraveyardsCultural:
; buffer zone 2016
Studenica MonasteryCultural:
; buffer zone 1986The Studenica Monastery was established in the late 12th century by Stefan Nemanja, founder of the medieval Serb state, shortly after his abdication. It is the largest and richest of Serbia's Orthodox monasteries. Its two principal monuments, the Church of the Virgin and the Church of the King, both built of white marble, enshrine priceless collections of 13th- and 14th-century Byzantine painting.
Su Nuraxi di BaruminiCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of PantalicaCultural:
—2005
Temple of Apollo Epicurius at BassaeCultural:
; buffer zone 1986This famous temple to the god of healing and the sun was built towards the middle of the 5th century B.C. in the lonely heights of the Arcadian mountains. The temple, which has the oldestCorinthian capital yet found, combines the Archaic style and the serenity of the Doric style with some daring architectural features.
The Cathedral of St James in ŠibenikCultural:
2000The cathedral is a triple-nave basilica with three apses and a dome and is also one of the most important architectural monument of the Renaissance in the eastern Adriatic.
The DolomitesNatural:
; buffer zone 2009
The Historic Centre with the Monastery of Saint-John the Theologian and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of PátmosCultural:
—1999The small island of Pátmos in the Dodecanese is reputed to be where St John the Theologian wrote both his Gospel and the Apocalypse. A monastery dedicated to the ‘beloved disciple’ was founded there in the late 10th century and it has been a place of pilgrimage and Greek Orthodox learning ever since. The fine monastic complex dominates the island. The old settlement of Chorá, associated with it, contains many religious and secular buildings.
The Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene. Cultural:
2019Winegrowing landscape characterized by ciclioni hills, forests, small villages and farmland, for centuries shaped and adapted by man.
The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of MateraCultural:
; buffer zone 1993
The Trulli of AlberobelloCultural:
1996
Tower of HerculesCultural:
; buffer zone 2009The Romans built this lighthouse on a rock to mark the entrance to the A Coruña harbor. It is the only fully preserved and functioning Roman lighthouse.
University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de HenaresCultural:
—1998Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1499 and is the first example of the planned university city, serving as a model to other European universities and Spanish missionaries in America. The city is the birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes, known for his contributions to the Spanish language and Western literature.
University of Coimbra – Alta and SofiaCultural:
; buffer zone 2013
Val d'OrciaCultural:
; buffer zone 2004
Vatican CityCultural:
—1984
Venice and its LagoonCultural:
—1987
Villa Adriana Cultural:
; buffer zone 1999
Villa d'Este, TivoliCultural:
; buffer zone 2001
Villa Romana del CasaleCultural:
; buffer zone 1997
Cultural:
; buffer zone 2014The site covers five wine growing areas as well as Cavour Castle. Wine making has existed in Piedmont since at least the Roman era and has continued since then. The region was also an important trading place between the Etruscans and the Celts and traces of their words still appear in the local dialect.
Vizcaya BridgeCultural:
; buffer zone 2006The bridge was designed by Alberto Palacio to cross the Nervion without disrupting maritime traffic to the Port of Bilbao. It was built in 1893 and is the world's first transporter bridge.
Works of Antoni GaudíCultural:
—1984The architecture of Antoni Gaudí is part of the Modernist style, but his designs are described as highly unique. The original listing featured Park Güell, Palau Güell, and Casa Milà; the 2005 extension added Casa Vicens, the crypt and nativity façade of Sagrada Família, Casa Batlló, and the crypt at Colònia Güell.