List of antidepressants
This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for major depressive disorder unless noted otherwise.
[Selective [serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s (SSRIs)
- Citalopram
- Escitalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Fluvoxamine
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
[Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor]s (SNRIs)
- Desvenlafaxine
- Duloxetine
- Levomilnacipran
- Milnacipran
- Venlafaxine
[Serotonin modulator and stimulator]s (SMSs)
- Vilazodone
- Vortioxetine
antagonist and reuptake inhibitor">Serotonin [receptor antagonist">antagonist and reuptake inhibitor]s (SARIs)
- Nefazodone – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries
- Trazodone
[Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor]s (NRIs)
- Atomoxetine - an NRI approved to treat ADHD
- Reboxetine
- Teniloxazine – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist
- Viloxazine
[Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor]s (NDRIs)
- Bupropion – weak NDRI, although its dopaminergic actions are controversial; may act as a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent alternatively or additionally; also a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
[Tricyclic antidepressants] (TCAs)
- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptylinoxide
- Clomipramine
- Desipramine
- Dibenzepin
- Dimetacrine
- Dosulepin
- Doxepin
- Imipramine
- Lofepramine
- Melitracen
- Nitroxazepine
- Nortriptyline
- Noxiptiline
- Opipramol
- Pipofezine
- Protriptyline
- Trimipramine
[Tetracyclic antidepressants] (TeCAs)
- Amoxapine
- Maprotiline
- Mianserin
- Mirtazapine
- Setiptiline
[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor]s (MAOIs)
Irreversible
Non-selective
- Isocarboxazid
- Phenelzine
- Tranylcypromine
Selective for MAO-B
- Selegiline
Reversible
Non-selective
was formerly used as an antidepressant, but has been discontinued.Selective for MAO-A
These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A.Eprobemide and minaprine were also formerly used as antidepressants, but have been discontinued.
Mixed
Non-selective
- Bifemelane – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI
Others
Marketed
- Agomelatine – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist
- Esketamine – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
- Ketamine – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist – not specifically approved for depression
- Tandospirone – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist
- Tianeptine – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist
Discontinued/withdrawn
- α-Methyltryptamine
– non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent, and weak RIMA - Etryptamine
– non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA - Indeloxazine – serotonin releasing agent, NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist
- Medifoxamine – weak serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist
- Oxaflozane – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
- Pivagabine – unknown/unclear mechanism of action
Over-the-counter
- Ademetionine
– cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis - Hypericum perforatum
– TRPC6 activator, and various other actions - Oxitriptan
– precursor in serotonin biosynthesis - Rubidium chloride
– unknown/unclear mechanism of action - Tryptophan – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis
- Magnesium
- Acetylcarnitine
- Saffron
Adjunctive treatments
[Atypical antipsychotic]s
- Amisulpride – specifically approved, in low doses, as a monotherapy for dysthymia
- Aripiprazole – specifically approved as an adjunct for major depressive disorder
- Brexpiprazole – specifically approved as an adjunct for major depressive disorder
- Lurasidone – specifically approved for depressive episodes in bipolar disorder
- Olanzapine – specifically approved as an adjunct for major depressive disorder
- Quetiapine – approved as an adjunct for both major depressive disorder and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder
- Risperidone – not specifically approved as an adjunct for major depressive disorder
Others
- Buspirone – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist – not specifically approved for depression
- Lithium – mood stabilizer – not specifically approved for depression
- Modafinil - marketed as an eugeroic or wakefulness-promoting drug, a weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor with other pharmacodynamic effects of relevance in improving depressive symptoms, used off-label
- Thyroxine – thyroid hormone – not specifically approved for depression
- Triiodothyronine – thyroid hormone – not specifically approved for depression
- Minocycline – Microglia inhibitor – the overall antidepressant effect size of compared to placebo was -0.78 in meta-analysis. – not specifically approved for depression.
Combination products
- Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide - TCA and benzodiazepine
- Amitriptyline/perphenazine – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
- Flupentixol/melitracen – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
- Olanzapine/fluoxetine – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – specifically approved as a monotherapy for depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression
- Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination