List of biologists

A

• Humayun Abdulali, Indian ornithologist
• Aziz Ab'Saber, Brazilian geographer, geologist and ecologist
• Erik Acharius, Swedish botanist
• Johann Friedrich Adam, Russian botanist
• Arthur Adams, English physician and naturalist
• Henry Adams, English naturalist and conchologist
• William Adamson, Scottish botanist
• Michel Adanson, French naturalist
• Monique Adolphe, French cell biologist
• Edgar Douglas Adrian, British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
• Adam Afzelius, Swedish botanist
• Carl Adolph Agardh, Swedish botanist
• Jacob Georg Agardh, Swedish botanist
• Louis Agassiz, Swiss zoologist
• Alexander Agassiz, American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz
• Nikolaus Ager, French botanist
• Pedro Alberch i Vié, Spanish naturalist
• Bruce Alberts, American biochemist, former President of the United States National Academy of Sciences
• Nora Lilian Alcock, British pioneer in plant pathology
• Boyd Alexander, English ornithologist
• Horace Alexander, English ornithologist
• Richard D. Alexander, American evolutionary biologist
• Wilfred Backhouse Alexander, English ornithologist
• Alfred William Alcock, British naturalist
• Salim Ali, Indian ornithologist
• Frédéric-Louis Allamand, Swiss botanist
• Warder Clyde Allee, American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect
• Joel Asaph Allen, American; birds, mammals
• George James Allman, British naturalist
• June Dalziel Almeida, Scottish virologist
• Tikvah Alper, South African radiobiologist
• Prospero Alpini, Italian botanist
• Sidney Altman, Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA
• Bruce Ames, American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
• José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, Portuguese naturalist
• George French Angas, English explorer, naturalist, conchologist and painter
• Mary Arlene Appelhof, American biologist
• Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf, Swedish marine zoologist
• Agnes Robertson Arber, British plant morphologist and anatomist, historian of botany and philosopher of biology
• Aristotle, Greek philosopher
• Emily Arnesen, Norwegian zoologist
• Ruth Arnon, Israeli biochemist
• Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist
• Gilbert Ashwell, American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
• Ana Aslan, Romanian biologist
• David Attenborough, British natural history broadcaster
• Jean Baptiste Audebert, French naturalist
• Jean Victoire Audouin, French zoologist
• John James Audubon, American ornithologist
• Charlotte Auerbach, German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis
• Linda Avey, American biologist
• Richard Axel, Nobel Prize–winning physiologist
• Julius Axelrod, American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
• William Orville Ayres, American physician and ichthyologist
• Félix de Azara, Spanish naturalist

  B

Ba-Bi

• Churchill Babington, British archaeologist and conchologist
• John Bachman, American naturalist
• Curt Backeberg, German botanist
• Karl Ernst von Baer, embryologist
• Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist
• Donna Baird, American epidemiologist and evolutionary-population biologist
• Spencer Fullerton Baird, birds and mammals
• Scott Baker, American marine biologist
• John Hutton Balfour, Scottish botanist
• David Baltimore, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
• Outram Bangs, American zoologist
• Joseph Banks, biologist, botanist
• Robert Bárány, Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system
• Ben Barres, American neurobiologist
• Benjamin Smith Barton, American botanist
• John Bartram, American botanist
• William Bartram, American naturalist
• Anton de Bary, contribution: studies of plant diseases
• Henry Walter Bates, English naturalist
• Patrick Bateson, English biologist and science writer, President of the Zoological Society of London
• August Johann Georg Karl Batsch, German botanist, mycologist
• Nicolas Baudin, French botanist
• Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus
• Johann Matthäus Bechstein, German naturalist
• Rollo Beck, American ornithologist
• Charles William Beebe, biologist
• Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses
• Thomas Bell, English naturalist
• David Bellamy, English botanist
• Edward Turner Bennett, English zoologist
• George Bentham, English botanist
• Robert Bentley, English botanist
• Jacques Benveniste, French immunologist
• Wilson Teixeira Beraldo, Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
• Hans Berger, German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography
• Carl Bergmann, German anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed the Bergmann's rule
• Rudolph Bergh, Danish physician and zoologist
• Claude Bernard, French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis
• Samuel Stillman Berry, American marine zoologist
• Thomas Bewick, English ornithologist
• Colin Bibby, English ornithologist
• Gabriel Bibron, French zoologist
• Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan, Dutch biologist and ethologist
• Ann Bishop, English biologist
• Biswamoy Biswas, Indian ornithologist

  Bl-Bu

• Liz Blackburn, Australian/US Nobel Prize–winning researcher in the field of telomeres and the "telomerase" enzyme
• John Blackwall, British entomologist
• Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist
• Albert Francis Blakeslee, American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
• Thomas Blakiston, English naturalist
• William Thomas Blanford, English naturalist
• Pieter Bleeker, Dutch ichthyologist
• Günter Blobel, German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.
• Steven Block, American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules
• Carl Ludwig Blume, German-Dutch botanist
• Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German physiologist and anthropologist
• Edward Blyth, English zoologist
• José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, Portuguese zoologist
• Pieter Boddaert, naturalist
• Brendan J. M. Bohannan, American microbial and evolutionary biologist
• Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French naturalist
• James Bond, American ornithologist
• Franco Andrea Bonelli, Italian ornithologist
• August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard, German botanist
• John Tyler Bonner, American developmental biologist
• Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist
• Aimé Bonpland, French botanist
• Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system
• Antonina Georgievna Borissova, Russian botanist
• Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution
• Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc, French zoologist
• George Albert Boulenger, Belgian zoologist
• Jules Bourcier, French naturalist
• Margaret Bradshaw, New Zealand Antarctic researcher, paleontologist
• Johann Friedrich von Brandt, German naturalist
• Sara Branham Matthews, American microbiologist
• Christian Ludwig Brehm, German ornithologist
• Alfred Brehm, German zoologist
• Sydney Brenner, British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Thomas Mayo Brewer, American naturalist
• William Brewster, American ornithologist
• Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist
• Nathaniel Lord Britton, American botanist
• Thomas D. Brock, American biologist, discoverer of hyperthermophiles
• Adolphe Theodore Brongniart, French botanist
• Robert Broom, South African paleontologist
• James H. Brown, American ecologist
• Robert Brown, botanist
• David Bruce, Scottish pathologist and microbiologist
• Jean Guillaume Bruguière, French naturalist
• Morten Thrane Brünnich, Danish zoologist
• Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, Scottish zoologist and botanist
• Stephen L. Buchmann, co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators
• Linda B. Buck, American physiologist and Nobel prize winner
• Samuel Botsford Buckley, American naturalist
• Buffon, French naturalist
• William Bullock, English naturalist
• Walter Buller, New Zealand naturalist
• James Bulwer, English naturalist and conchologist
• Alexander G. von Bunge, German-Russian zoologist
• Luther Burbank, American horticulturalist
• Hermann Burmeister, German zoologist
• Carolyn Burns, New Zealand ecologist
• Carlos Bustamante, American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA
• Ernesto Bustamante, Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing

  C

• Jean Cabanis, German ornithologist
• Ángel Cabrera, Spanish zoologist
• George Caley, Discovery of Mount Banks
• Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist
• Frederick Campion Steward, British botanist
• A. P. de Candolle, Swiss botanist
• Philip Pearsall Carpenter, conchologist
• Alexis Carrel, French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics
• Elie-Abel Carrière, French botanist
• Clodoveo Carrión Mora, Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
• Sean B. Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
• Rachel Carson, biologist, author of Silent Spring
• George Washington Carver, American botanist
• John Cassin, American ornithologist
• Alexandre de Cassini, French botanist
• Amy Castle, New Zealand entomologist
• William E. Castle, American geneticist
• Mark Catesby, English naturalist
• Andrea Cesalpino, Italian botanist
• Francesco Cetti, Italian zoologist
• Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician
• Adelbert von Chamisso, German botanist
• Min Chueh Chang, biologist
• Ann Chapman, New Zealand limnologist
• Frank Michler Chapman, ornithologist
• Martha Chase, American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity
• Thomas Frederic Cheeseman, New Zealand botanist and naturalist
• Robert Ernest Cheesman, English military officer, explorer and ornithologist
• Sergei Chetverikov, Russian population geneticist
• Charles Chilton, New Zealand zoologist
• Carl Chun, German marine biologist
• Nathan Cobb, American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology
• Leonard Cockayne, New Zealand botanist
• Alfred Cogniaux, Belgian botanist
• Stanley Cohen, American biologist, Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine for his discovery of growth factors.
• James J. Collins, American biologist, synthetic biology and systems biology pioneer
• Henry Boardman Conover, American ornithologist
• Timothy Abbott Conrad, American malacologist
• James Graham Cooper, American naturalist
• William Cooper, American conchologist
• Edward Drinker Cope, fish, reptiles, paleontology
• Charles Coquerel, French navy surgeon and entomologist
• Carl Ferdinand Cori, American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycle
• Gerty Cori, American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the Cori cycle
• Charles B. Cory, American ornithologist
• Emanuel Mendez da Costa, English botanist, naturalist, philosopher
• Elliott Coues, American ornithologist
• Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, South African zoologist
• Jacques Cousteau, French marine biologist and explorer
• Miguel Rolando Covian, Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology
• Frederick Vernon Coville, American botanist
• Robert K. Crane,, American biochemist, discovered sodium-glucose cotransport
• Lucy Cranwell, New Zealand botanist
• Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar, German zoologist
• Francis Crick, one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist
• Joseph Charles Hippolyte Crosse, French conchologist
• Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist
• Allan Cunningham, English botanist
• G. H. Cunningham, New Zealand mycologist
• Kathleen Curtis, New Zealand mycologist and plant pathologist
• William Curtis, English botanist
• Georges Cuvier, French naturalist

  D

• Valerie Daggett, American bioengineer
• Anders Dahl, namesake of the Dahlia
• William Healey Dall, malacologist, explored Alaska
• J. C. Daniel, Indian naturalist, director of the Bombay Natural History Society
• Charles Darwin, British naturalist, author and biologist
• Erasmus Darwin, doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
• Charles Davenport, American biologist and eugenicist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
• Armand David, French zoologist and botanist
• Bernard Davis, American biologist
• Richard Dawkins, British evolutionary biologist
• George Delahunty, American physiologist, endocrinologist, and professor of biology at Goucher College
• Pierre Antoine Delalande, French naturalist
• Max Delbrück, German physicist and biologist, worked on the replication mechanism of viruses
• Richard Dell, New Zealand malacologist
• Stefano Delle Chiaje, Italian
• Paul Émile de Puydt, Belgian botanist
• René Louiche Desfontaines, French botanist
• Gérard Paul Deshayes, French geologist and conchologist
• Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest, French zoologist
• Ernst Dieffenbach, German naturalist
• Johann Jacob Dillenius, German botanist
• Lewis Weston Dillwyn, British botanist and conchologist
• Joan Dingley, New Zealand mycologist
• Walter Dobrogosz, American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus reuteri
• Theodosius Dobzhansky, American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
• Rembert Dodoens, Flemish botanist
• Anton Dohrn, German marine biologist
• David Don, British botanist
• James Donn, English botanist
• Jean Dorst, French ornithologist
• Henry Doubleday, British entomologist
• David Douglas, Scottish botanist
• Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist
• Patricia Louise Dudley American zoologist
• Félix Dujardin, biologist
• Renato Dulbecco, biologist
• Ronald Duman, Biological psychiatry
• André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist
• Charles Dumont de Sainte-Croix, French zoologist
• Michel Felix Dunal, French botanist
• Robin Dunbar, Italian virologist
• Gerald Durrell, British naturalist

  E

• Sylvia Earle, American oceanographer
• John Carew Eccles, Australian neurophysiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse
• Christian Friedrich Ecklon, Danish botanist
• Gerald Edelman, Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
• George Edwards, British naturalist
• Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, German biologist and microscopist
• Paul Ehrlich, German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
• Karl Eichwald, Russian geologist and physician
• Theodor Eimer, German zoologist
• George Eliava, Georgian microbiologist
• Daniel Giraud Elliot, American zoologist
• Günther Enderlein, German zoologist and entomologist
• Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, Austrian botanist
• Michael S. Engel, American paleontologist and entomologist
• George Engelmann, German-American botanist
• Adolf Engler, German botanist
• Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, German naturalist.
• Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz, Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
• Constantin von Ettingshausen, Austrian botanist
• Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
• Thomas Campbell Eyton, English naturalist

  F

• Jean Henri Fabre, French entomologist
• Johan Christian Fabricius, Danish entomologist
• David Fairchild, American botanist
• Hugh Falconer, Scottish paleontologist
• Filippo Farsetti, Venetian art collector and botanist
• Leonardo Fea, Italian zoologist
• Christoph Feldegg, Austrian naturalist
• Lewis J. Feldman, American botanist
• Howard Barraclough Fell, English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist
• Sérgio Ferreira, Brazilian pharmacologist
• Harold John Finlay, New Zealand palaeontologist and conchologist
• Otto Finsch, German naturalist
• Johann Fischer von Waldheim, German entomologist
• James Fisher, English ornithologist
• Paul Henri Fischer, French physician, zoologist, malacologist and paleontologist
• Ronald Fisher, British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics
• Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist
• Tim Flannery Australian biologist
• Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
• Alexander Fleming, British medical scientist
• Charles Fleming, New Zealand ornithologist, palaeontologist
• Walther Flemming, German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes
• Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher, English entomologist
• Howard Walter Florey, pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin
• Brian J. Ford, British biologist and writer
• E. B. Ford, British ecological geneticist
• Margot Forde, New Zealand botanist
• Peter Forsskål, Swedish naturalist
• Georg Forster, German naturalist
• Peter Forster , German geneticist
• Johann Reinhold Forster, German naturalist
• Robert Fortune, Scottish botanist
• Dian Fossey, American zoologist
• Rosalind Franklin, contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
• Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro, Brazilian botanist
• Elias Magnus Fries, one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
• Karl von Frisch, Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees
• Imre Frivaldszky, Hungarian botanist
• Leonhart Fuchs, German botanist
• José María de la Fuente Morales, Spanish biologist
• Louis Agassiz Fuertes, American ornithologist

  G

• Joseph Gaertner, German botanist
• François Gagnepain, French botanist
• Joseph Paul Gaimard, French naturalist
• Biruté Galdikas, Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans
• Robert Gallo, American virologist and co-discoverer of HIV
• William Gambel, American naturalist
• Prosper Garnot, French naturalist
• Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré, French botanist
• Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients
• Howard Scott Gentry, American botanist
• John Gerard, English botanist
• Conrad von Gesner, Swiss naturalist
• Luca Ghini, Italian botanist
• Clelia Giacobini, Italian microbiologist, a pioneer of microbiology applied to conservation-restoration
• John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
• Ernest Thomas Gilliard, American ornithologist
• Charles Henry Gimingham, British botanist
• Charles Frédéric Girard, French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
• Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist
• Johann Georg Gmelin, German naturalist
• Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, German botanist
• Frederick DuCane Godman, English naturalist and ornithologist
• Émil Goeldi, Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.
• Camillo Golgi, Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology
• Jane Goodall, British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
• George Gordon, British botanist
• Philip Henry Gosse, English naturalist
• Augustus Addison Gould, American conchologist.
• John Gould, English ornithologist
• Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist
• Alfred Grandidier, French naturalist and explorer
• Guillaume Grandidier, French naturalist and explorer son of Alfred Grandidier
• Temple Grandin, American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism
• Chapman Grant, American herpetologist
• Pierre-Paul Grassé, French zoologist
• Asa Gray, American botanist
• George Robert Gray, English zoologist
• John Edward Gray, English zoologist
• Andrew Jackson Grayson, American ornithologist
• William King Gregory, American zoologist
• Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, British ornithologist
• Janet Grieve, New Zealand biological oceanographer
• Frederick Griffith, British bacteriologist
• Jeremy Griffith, Australian zoologist
• Jan Frederik Gronovius, Dutch botanist
• Pavel Grošelj, biologist and belletrist
• Colin Groves, professor of biological anthropology in Australia
• Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, French entomologist
• Johann Anton Güldenstädt, German naturalist
• Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"
• Johann Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian botanist
• Albert Günther, British zoologist

  H

• Ernst Haeckel, German physician, zoologist and evolutionist
• Hermann August Hagen, German entomologist
• J. B. S. Haldane, British evolutionary biologist and co-founder of population genetics
• William Donald Hamilton, British evolutionary biologist
• Sylvanus Charles Thorp Hanley, British conchologist and malacologist
• Thomas Hardwicke, English naturalist
• Alister Clavering Hardy, English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion
• Richard Harlan, American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
• Denham Harman, American biogerontologist, father of the free radical theory of aging
• David Harrison, English zoologist
• Maarten 't Hart, Dutch biologist and writer
• Ernst Hartert, German ornithologist
• Gustav Hartlaub, German zoologist
• Karl Theodor Hartweg, German botanist
• William Henry Harvey, Irish phycologist
• Hans Hass, Austrian biologist
• Frederik Hasselquist, Swedish naturalist
• Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale, English ornithologist
• James Hector, Scottish geologist, naturalist, and surgeon
• Charles Hedley, naturalist, active in Australia
• Oskar Heinroth, German biologist, a founder of ethology
• Edmund Heller, American zoologist
• Wilhelm Hemprich, German naturalist
• Willi Hennig German biologist, founder of cladistics
• John Stevens Henslow, English mineralogist, botanist and clergyman
• Johann Hermann, French physician and naturalist
• Albert William Herre, American ichthyologist and lichenologist
• Alfred Hershey, American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses
• Philip Hershkovitz, American mammalogist noted especially as a primatologist
• Leo George Hertlein, American paleontologist and malacologist
• Archibald Vivian Hill, British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for elucidation of mechanical work in muscles
• Brian Houghton Hodgson, English naturalist
• Jan van der Hoeven, Dutch zoologist
• Bruno Hofer, German fisheries scientist
• Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg, German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist
• Jacques Bernard Hombron, French naturalist
• Leroy Hood, American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer
• Robert Hooke, British natural philosopher and Secretary to the Royal Society
• Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist, explorer and Director of Kew Botanic Gardens
• William Jackson Hooker, British botanist, Director of Kew Botanic Gardens
• John "Jack" Horner, American paleontologist, specialized in dinosaurs
• Thomas Horsfield, American naturalist
• Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the function of the pituitary hormones in regulating blood sugar in animals.
• Martinus Houttuyn, Dutch naturalist
• Albert Howard, British botanist
• Henry Eliot Howard, English ornithologist
• Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology
• David H. Hubel, Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research on the visual system
• François Huber, Swiss naturalist
• Ambrosius Hubrecht, Dutch zoologist
• William Henry Hudson, Argentinian-British ornithologist
• Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer
• Allan Octavian Hume, British ornithologist
• Rob Hume, British ornithologist
• George Evelyn Hutchinson, American ecologist and limnologist
• Frederick Wollaston Hutton, English biologist and geologist, later worked in New Zealand
• Julian Sorell Huxley, English zoologist and contributor to the modern evolutionary synthesis; first D-G of UNESCO
• Thomas Henry Huxley, English zoologist and advocate of evolution, agnosticism and scientific education
• Alpheus Hyatt, American neo-Lamarckian
• Libbie Hyman, invertebrate zoologist
• Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist

  I

• Hermann von Ihering, German naturalist
• Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist
• Jan Ingenhousz, Dutch-born British botanist
• Tom Iredale, English conchologist and ornithologist
• Paul Erdmann Isert, German botanist
• Stephen Robert Irwin, Australian naturalist, zoologist and herpetologist.

  J

• François Jacob, French biologist, Nobel laureate
• Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Dutch-born Austrian botanist
• Honoré Jacquinot, French surgeon and zoologist
• Daniel H. Janzen, American entomologist and ecologist
• William Jardine, Scottish naturalist
• Feliks Pawel Jarocki, Polish zoologist
• Thomas C. Jerdon, British zoologist and botanist
• Wilhelm Johannsen,
• Pauline Johnson, immunologist
• David Starr Jordan, ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
• Félix Pierre Jousseaume, French zoologist and malacologist
• Mike Joy, New Zealand freshwater ecologist and science communicator
• Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, French botanist
• Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist
• Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, botanist, biologist
• Bernard de Jussieu, French naturalist
• Ernest Everett Just, American biologist

  K

• Zbigniew Kabata, Polish parasitologist
• Pehr Kalm, Swedish botanist
• Eric R. Kandel, Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory
• Ferdinand Karsch, German arachnologist, entomologist, and anthropologist
• Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten, German botanist
• Rudolf Kaufmann, trilobitologist known for his contributions to allopatric speciation and punctuated equilibrium.
• Stuart Kauffman, biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
• Johann Jakob Kaup, German naturalist
• Janet Kear, English ornithologist
• Gerald A. Kerkut, British zoologist and physiologist
• Anton Kerner von Marilaun, Austrian botanist
• Robert Kerr, published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
• Warwick Estevam Kerr, Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil
• Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Polish paleontologist, led several paleontological expeditions to the Gobi desert
• Motoo Kimura, Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics
• Carolyn King, New Zealand zoologist, professor at the University of Waikato, specialising in mammals, particularly small rodents and mustelids
• Norman Boyd Kinnear, Scottish zoologist
• William Kirby, English entomologist
• Heinrich von Kittlitz, German naturalist
• Wilhelm Kobelt, German zoologist and malacologist
• Fritz Köberle, Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease
• Karl Koch, German botanist
• Robert Koch, German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
• Emil Theodor Kocher, German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
• Alexander Koenig, German naturalist
• Albert von Kölliker, Swiss physiologist
• Charles Konig, German naturalist
• Arthur Kornberg, discovered DNA polymerase
• Adriaan Kortlandt, Dutch ethologist
• Albrecht Kossel, German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology
• Hans Adolf Krebs, German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
• Gerard Krefft, German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
• Eduardo Krieger, Brazilian physician and physiologist
• Kewal Krishan, biological anthropologist, specialized in forensic anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
• Schack August Steenberg Krogh, Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
• Heinrich Kuhl, German zoologist

  L

• Henri Laborit, French surgeon and physiologist
• Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède, French naturalist
• David Lack, British ornithologist
• Frédéric de Lafresnaye, French ornithologist
• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils
• Aylmer Bourke Lambert, British botanist
• Charles Lamberton, French paleontologist
• Hugh Lamprey, British ecologist
• Kai Larsen, Danish botanist
• Charles Francis Laseron, American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist
• John Latham, English naturalist
• Pierre André Latreille, French entomologist
• Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French physician, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoon
• George Newbold Lawrence, American ornithologist
• William Elford Leach, English zoologist and marine biologist
• Colin Leakey, British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science
• Joseph LeConte, physiologist
• Tim Lee, comedian
• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope
• François Leguat, French naturalist
• Joseph Leidy, American paleontologist
• Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler, Dutch naturalist
• Juan Lembeye, Spanish naturalist
• Leonardo da Vinci, known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them
• Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour, French botanist
• Rene Primevere Lesson, French naturalist
• Charles Alexandre Lesueur, French naturalist
• François Le Vaillant, French ornithologist
• Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner
• Richard Lewontin, biologist
• Wen-Hsiung Li, Taiwanese molecular evolutionary biologist
• Emmanuel Liais, French botanist
• Martin Lichtenstein, German zoologist
• John Lightfoot, English conchologist and botanist
• David R. Lindberg, American malacologist and biologist
• Aristid Lindenmayer, Hungarian biologist
• John Lindley, English botanist
• Heinrich Friedrich Link, German botanist
• Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist; father of the binomial nomenclature system
• Jacques Loeb, German-American biologist
• Friedrich Loeffler, German biologist
• Konrad Lorenz, Austrian founder of ethology
• Harri Lorenzi, Brazilian botanist
• John Claudius Loudon, English botanist
• James Lovelock, English chemist and father of the Gaia hypothesis
• Percy Lowe, English ornithologist
• Peter Wilhelm Lund, Danish zoologist and paleontologist
• Salvador Luria, microbiologist, Nobel prize winner
• Adolfo Lutz, Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher
• André Lwoff, French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Richard Lydekker, English naturalist
• Trofim Lysenko, Soviet biologist and agronomist. His denouncement of genetics became known as Lysenkoism.

  M

Ma-Mi

• Jules François Mabille, French malacologist
• John Macadam, Scottish-born Australian botanist
• John M. MacDougal, American botanist
• William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist
• Eileen McLaughlin, New Zealand biologist
• Marcello Malpighi, Italian anatomist and biologist
• Ramon Margalef , Spanish-Catalan biologist and ecologist
• Leo Margolis, Canadian fisheries parasitologist
• Lynn Margulis, American microbiologist
• Alberto della Marmora, Italian naturalist
• Othniel Charles Marsh, paleontology
• Barry Marshall, Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
• Bruce Marshall, New Zealand malacologist
• Fermín Martín Piera, Spanish botanist
• Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist
• John Martyn, English botanist
• Thomas Martyn, English botanist, entomologist and conchologist
• John Marwick, New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist
• Teresa Maryańska, Poland, paleontologist specializing in dinosaurs
• Ruth Mason, New Zealand botanist
• Francis Masson, Scottish botanist
• Gregory Mathews, Australian ornithologist
• Paul Matschie, German zoologist
• William Diller Matthew, American paleontologist
• Polly Matzinger, American immunologist
• Carl Maximowicz, Russian botanist
• Harold Maxwell-Lefroy, English entomologist
• Robert May, ecologist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005
• Ernst Mayr, ornithologist, systematist, philosopher of biology
• Barbara McClintock, American biologist, winner of a Nobel Prize for her work on the transposon, or "jumping gene"
• James V. McConnell, American biological psychologist
• Mark McMenamin, American paleontologist
• Bruce McEwen, neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert
• Edmund Meade-Waldo, English ornithologist
• Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908
• Johann Wilhelm Meigen, German entomologist
• Gregor Mendel, Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
• Edouard Menetries, French entomologist
• Maud Leonora Menten, biochemist
• Archibald Menzies, Scottish naturalist
• Clinton Hart Merriam, American zoologist and ornithologist
• John C. Merriam, American biologist
• Don Merton, New Zealand conservationist
• Franz Meyen, German botanist
• Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, American ornithologist
• Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German/American physician and biochemist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on muscles
• Leonor Michaelis, German biochemist
• André Michaux, French botanist
• Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf, Russian zoologist
• Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai, Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
• Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr., American zoologist
• Jacques Miller, Australian immunologist.
• John Frederick Miller, English illustrator
• Kenneth R. Miller, American evolutionary biologist
• Philip Miller, Scottish botanist
• Alphonse Milne-Edwards, French zoologist
• Henri Milne-Edwards, French zoologist
• George Jackson Mivart, English biologist

  Mo-Mu

• Hugo von Mohl, German botanist
• Paul Möhring, German naturalist
• Juan Ignacio Molina, Chilean naturalist
• Brian Molloy, New Zealand botanist
• Pérrine Moncrieff, New Zealand ornithologist
• Jacques Monod, geneticist
• George Montagu, English naturalist
• Luc Montagnier, French discoverer of HIV
• Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her co-discovery of growth factors
• Tommaso di Maria Allery Monterosato, Italian malacologist
• Pierre Dénys de Montfort, French naturalist
• George Thomas Moore, American botanist
• Alfred Moquin-Tandon, French naturalist
• Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch, malacologist
• Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist. He worked on the natural history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly Drosophila
• Mary Morgan-Richards, New Zealand evolutionary biologist
• Desmond Morris, British zoologist and biologist
• Roger Morse, professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping
• Guy Mountfort, English ornithologist
• Ladislav Mucina, Slovak botanist
• Ferdinand von Mueller, German-Australian botanist
• John Muir, American naturalist
• Otto Friedrich Müller, Danish naturalist
• Fritz Müller, German-Brazilian naturalist
• Hermann Müller , Swiss botanist and oenologist
• Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller, German zoologist
• Salomon Muller, Dutch naturalist
• Kary Mullis, biologist
• Otto von Münchhausen, German botanist
• John Murray, Scots-Canadian marine biologist

  N

• Gary Paul Nabhan, co-author of Forgotten Pollinators
• Karl Wilhelm von Nageli, Swiss botanist
• Johann Friedrich Naumann, German founder of scientific ornithology
• John Needham, English naturalist
• Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, German botanist and zoologist
• Masatoshi Nei, American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist
• Wendy Nelson New Zealand phycologist
• Randolph M. Nesse, American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist
• Charles F. Newcombe, British botanist
• Frank Newhook, New Zealand plant pathologist
• Alfred Newton, English zoologist
• Margaret Morse Nice, American ornithologist
• Henry Alleyne Nicholson, British zoologist
• Elmer Noble, American parasitologist
• Alfred Merle Norman, English clergyman and naturalist
• Alfred John North, Australian ornithologist
• Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, German biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner
• Thomas Nuttall, English botanist and zoologist

  O

• Nils Hjalmar Odhner, Swedish zoologist
• Eugene P. Odum, American ecologist
• Howard T. Odum, American ecologist
• Anders Sandoe Oersted, Danish botanist
• William Ogilby, Irish naturalist
• William Robert Ogilvie-Grant, Scottish ornithologist
• Sergey Ognev, Russian zoologist
• Tomoko Ohta, Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist
• Lorenz Oken, German naturalist
• Giuseppe Olivi, Italian naturalist
• Mark A. O'Neill, British biologist and computer scientist
• Aleksandr Oparin, Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his work on the origin of life
• Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist
• George Ord, American ornithologist
• Eleanor Anne Ormerod, English entomologist
• Edward Latham Ormerod, FRS, English physician and entomologist
• Henry Fairfield Osborn, eugenicist, AMNH curator
• William Charles Osman Hill, British anatomist, primatologist, and a leading authority on primate anatomy during the 20th century
• Halszka Osmólska, Polish paleontologist specializing in dinosaurs
• Emile Oustalet, French zoologist
• Richard Owen, biologist of nebres organisms

  P

• George Emil Palade, Romanian-American biologist, discoverer of ribosomes, Nobel Prize
• Paul Maurice Pallary, French-Algerian malacologist
• Peter Simon Pallas, Russian zoologist
• Edward Palmer, British botanist
• Josif Pancic, Serbian botanist
• Paracelsus, German alchemist
• Carl Parrot, German physician and ornithologist
• Louis Pasteur, French biochemist
• William Paterson, British botanist and explorer
• Robert Patterson, Irish naturalist
• Daniel Pauly, French marine biologist
• Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered conditioning, won the Nobel Prize for his research on the digestive system
• Titian Peale, American naturalist
• Louise Pearce, American pathologist
• Donald C. Peattie, American botanist
• Eva J. Pell, American plant pathologist
• Paul Pelseneer, Belgian malacologist
• Jean-Marie Pelt, French botanist
• Thomas Pennant, Welsh naturalist and antiquary
• David Penny, New Zealand evolutionary biologist and geneticist
• Henri Perrier de la Bâthie, French botanist
• George Perry, 19th century English naturalist
• Christian Hendrik Persoon, biologist
• Paul Petard, French botanist
• Wilhelm Peters, German naturalist
• Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, German physician, botanist and conchologist
• Rodolfo Amando Philippi, German-Chilean zoologist
• Constantine John Phipps, English explorer
• David Andrew Phoenix,, Biochemist
• Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, English entomologist
• Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, English entomologist, uncle of above
• Charles Pickering, American naturalist
• Cándido Bolívar Pieltain, Spanish naturalist
• Henry Augustus Pilsbry, American zoologist, malacologist
• Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biologist and co-inventor of the contraceptive pill
• Ronald Plasterk,, Dutch molecular biologist, columnist and politician
• Pliny the Elder, Roman natural philosopher
• Reginald Innes Pocock, British taxonomist
• Felipe Poey, Cuban zoologist
• Joel Roberts Poinsett, American botanist
• Henry de Puyjalon, Canadian ecologist and biologist
• Giuseppe Saverio Poli, Italian physicist, biologist and natural historian
• Winston Ponder, New Zealand malacologist
• Arthur William Baden Powell, New Zealand malacologist and paleontologist
• Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford, English ornithologist
• Karel Presl, Bohemian botanist
• Alice Pruvot-Fol, French malacologist
• Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Czech anatomist and physiologist
• Frederick Traugott Pursh, German-American botanist
• Paul Émile de Puydt, Belgian botanist
• Nikolai Przhevalsky, Russian explorer

  Q

• Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, French naturalist
• Jean René Constant Quoy, French zoologist

  R

• Gustav Radde, German naturalist
• Thomas Stamford Raffles, British founder/first president of the Zoological Society of London
• Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, French naturalist who described many North American species
• Émile Louis Ragonot, French entomologist
• Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.
• Edward Pierson Ramsay, Australian ornithologist
• Austin L. Rand, Canadian zoologist
• Suresh Rattan, Indian biogerontologist
• John Ray, English naturalist
• Francesco Redi, Italian physician known for his experiment in 1668 which is regarded as one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis
• Lovell Augustus Reeve, English conchologist
• Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, German orchidologist
• Ludwig Reichenbach, German botanist and ornithologist
• Anton Reichenow, German ornithologist
• Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt, Dutch botanist
• Bernhard Rensch, German biologist
• Ralf Reski, German botanist and biotechnologist, developed Physcomitrella as model organism
• Achille Richard , French botanist
• Jean Michel Claude Richard, noted French botanist and plant collector
• Louis Claude Richard, French botanist
• Olivier Jules Richard, French lichenologist
• John Richardson, Scottish naturalist
• Charles Richet, French physiologist, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of anaphylaxis
• Charles Wallace Richmond, American ornithologist
• Robert Ridgway, American ornithologist
• Henry Nicholas Ridley, British botanist
• Christina Riesselman, American paleoceanographer
• Austin Roberts, South African zoologist
• Harold E. Robinson, American botanist and entomologist
• Maurício Rocha e Silva, Brazilian physician and pharmacologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
• Martin Rodbell, biologist
• Peter Friedrich Röding, German malacologist
• George Romanes, Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of comparative psychology
• Alfred Romer, specialist in vertebrate paleontology
• Robert Rosen, theoretical biologist
• Joel Rosenbaum, cell biologist at Yale University
• Harald Rosenthal, German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology
• Miriam Louisa Rothschild, British entomologist
• Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, British zoologist
• Joan Roughgarden, American ecologist and evolutionary biologist
• William Roxburgh, Scottish botanist
• Adriaan van Royen, Dutch botanist
• Karl Rudolphi, German physiologist
• Eduard Rüppell, German naturalist

  S

Sa-So

• Joseph Sabine, English naturalist
• Julius von Sachs, German botanist
• Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, French naturalist
• Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, French zoologist
• Carl Ulisses von Salis-Marschlins, Swiss naturalist interested in botany, entomology, and conchology
• Edward James Salisbury, British botanist
• Richard Anthony Salisbury, British botanist
• Jonas Salk, American biologist, inventor of polio vaccine
• Robert Sapolsky, American neuroscientist
• Georg Ossian Sars, Norwegian marine biologist
• Michael Sars, Norwegian taxonomist
• Konstantin Satunin, Russian zoologist
• William Saunders, American botanist
• Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Swiss naturalist
• Marie Jules César Savigny, French zoologist
• Thomas Say, American naturalist
• George Schaller, American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field biologist of the 20th century
• Friedrich Schlechter, German botanist
• Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden, German co-founder of the cell theory
• George Schoener, German-American botanist
• Johann David Schoepf, German botanist and zoologist
• Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, German botanist
• Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber, German naturalist
• Leopold von Schrenck, Russo-German zoologist
• Charles Schuchert, paleontologist
• Theodor Schwann, German physiologist
• Neena Schwartz, American endocrinologist
• Georg August Schweinfurth, German botanist
• Philip Sclater, English zoologist
• Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-Austrian naturalist
• Henry Seebohm, English ornithologist
• Prideaux John Selby, English botanist and ornithologist
• Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov, Russian naturalist
• Richard Bowdler Sharpe, English zoologist
• George Shaw, English botanist and zoologist
• George Ernest Shelley, English ornithologist
• Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, British physiologist and neuroscientist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
• Philipp Franz von Siebold, German botanist
• George Gaylord Simpson, American paleontologist
• Rolf Singer, German born mycologist
• Liz Slooten, New Zealand zoologist
• John Kunkel Small, American botanist
• Andrew Smith, Scottish zoologist
• Edgar Albert Smith, British zoologist and conchologist
• Frederick Smith, British entomologist
• James Edward Smith, English botanist
• Johannes Jacobus Smith, Dutch botanist
• James Leonard Brierley Smith, South African ichthyologist
• John Maynard Smith, biologist
• John Otterbein Snyder, American zoologist
• Solomon H. Snyder, American neuroscientist, co-discovered endorphins
• Daniel Solander, Swedish botanist
• Louis François Auguste Souleyet, French zoologist

  Sp-Sy

• Douglas Spalding, English biologist, discovered imprinting and conducted some of the earliest research on animal behavior
• Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist
• Anders Sparrman, Swedish naturalist
• Walter Baldwin Spencer, English biologist and anthropologist
• Roger W. Sperry, American neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his split-brain research
• Maximilian Spinola, entomologist
• Johann Baptist von Spix, German naturalist
• Herman Spoering, Finnish botanist
• Kurt Sprengel, German botanist
• Stewart Springer, American ichthyologist noted for expertise in shark classification, behavior, and distribution of species
• Richard Spruce, English botanist
• Agustin Stahl, Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist
• Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby, English naturalist
• Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller, German zoologist
• Japetus Steenstrup, Danish zoologist
• Franz Steindachner, Austrian zoologist
• Leonhard Hess Stejneger, Norwegian zoologist
• Georg Wilhelm Steller, Russian ornithologist
• James Francis Stephens, English zoologist
• Kaspar Maria von Sternberg, Bohemian botanist
• Karl Stetter, German microbiologist
• Nettie Maria Stevens, American biologist
• Edward Charles Stirling, Australian anthropologist
• Gerald Stokell, New Zealand horticulturist and ichthyologist
• Witmer Stone, American ornithologist, botanist, and mammalogist
• Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, German naturalist
• Vida Stout, New Zealand limnologist
• Eduard Strasburger, German botanist
• Erwin Stresemann, German ornithologist
• John Struthers, Scottish anatomist
• Samuel Stutchbury, English naturalist and geologist
• Richard Summerbell, Canadian mycologist
• Carl Jakob Sundevall, Swedish zoologist
• Mriganka Sur, Indian cognitive neuroscientist specializing in neuroplasticity
• Henry Suter, New Zealand zoologist, naturalist and palaeontologist
• Mary Sutherland, New Zealand botanist
• William John Swainson, English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist and artist
• Jan Swammerdam, Dutch biologist and microscopist
• Olof Swartz, Swedish botanist
• Robert Swinhoe, English naturalist
• Colonel W. H. Sykes, English ornithologist

  T

• Wladyslaw Taczanowski, Polish zoologist
• Armen Takhtajan, Russian botanist
• Diana Temple, Australian pharmacologist
• Peter Gustaf Tengmalm, Swedish naturalist
• Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist
• Theophrastus, biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, popularizer of science
• Johannes Thiele, German zoologist and malacologist
• Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas, British zoologist
• Charles Wyville Thompson, Scottish marine biologist
• William Thompson, Irish ornithologist and naturalist
• Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars, French botanist
• Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist
• Samuel Tickell, British ornithologist
• Niko Tinbergen, Dutch ethologist
• Agostino Todaro, Italian botanist
• Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
• John Torrey, American botanist, first professional in New World
• Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist
• John Kirk Townsend, American ornithologist
• Thomas Stewart Traill, Scottish doctor and naturalist
• Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist
• Melchior Treub, Dutch botanist
• Henry Baker Tristram, English ornithologist
• Robert Trivers, evolutionary biologist
• Édouard Louis Trouessart, French naturalist
• Frederick W. True, American naturalist
• George Washington Tryon Jr., American malacologist
• Bernard Tucker, English ornithologist
• Edward Tuckerman, American botanist
• Endel Tulving, Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in episodic memory
• Marmaduke Tunstall, English ornithologist
• Ruth Turner, marine biologist
• William Turton, British naturalist

  U

• Jakob von Uexküll, Estonian biologist, founder of biosemiotics

  V

• Martin Vahl, Norwegian botanist
• Sebastien Vaillant, French botanist
• Achille Valenciennes, French zoologist
• Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist
• Nikolai Vavilov, Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism
• Damodaran M. Vasudevan, Indian physician, immunologist and educationist
• Craig Venter, American biologist and businessman
• Edouard Verreaux, French naturalist
• Jules Verreaux, French botanist and ornithologist
• Addison Emery Verrill, American zoologist
• Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot, French ornithologist
• Nicholas Aylward Vigors, Irish zoologist
• Rudolf Virchow, German biologist and pathologist, founder of cell theory
• Oswaldo Vital Brazil, Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several antivenoms against snake, scorpion and spider bites
• Bert Vogelstein, American geneticist
• Karel Voous, Dutch ornithologist
• Mary Voytek, American biogeochemist and microbial ecologist
• Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist

  W

• Frans de Waal, Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist
• Coslett Herbert Waddell, Irish botanist
• Jeremy Wade Writer and TV presenter with a special interest in rivers and freshwater fish.
• Amy Wagers, biologist, stem cell and regenerative biology
• Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist
• Warren H. Wagner, American botanist
• Göran Wahlenberg, Swedish naturalist
• Selman Waksman, American biochemist, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on antibiotics
• Charles Athanase Walckenaer, French entomologist
• George Wald, American biologist, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on visual perception
• Alfred Russel Wallace, British naturalist and biologist
• Nathaniel Wallich, Danish botanist
• Benjamin Dann Walsh, American entomologist
• William Grey Walter, American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography
• Deepal Warakagoda, Sri Lankan ornithologist
• J. Robin Warren, Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
• Charles Waterton, English naturalist
• James D. Watson, Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule
• Philip Barker Webb, English botanist
• Hugh Algernon Weddell, English botanist
• Robert Weinberg, American cancer biologist
• August Weismann, German biologist
• Friedrich Welwitsch, Austrian botanist
• Karl Wernicke, German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered Wernicke's area
• Victor Westhoff, Dutch botanist
• Alexander Wetmore, American ornithologist
• William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist and myrmecologist
• Gilbert White, English naturalist
• John White, English botanist
• Robert Wiedersheim, German anatomist.
• Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied, German explorer and biologist.
• Hans Wiehler, American botanist
• Eric F. Wieschaus, American developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner
• Torsten Wiesel, Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on information processing in the visual system
• Joan Wiffen, New Zealand paleontologist
• Siouxsie Wiles, New Zealand microbiologist
• Charles Wilkes, American explorer and naturalist
• Carl Ludwig Willdenow, German botanist and pharmacist
• George C. Williams, American evolutionary biologist, credited with introducing the gene-centric view of evolution
• Mark Williamson, British biologist
• Francis Willughby, English ornithologist and ichthyologist
• Alexander Wilson, Scottish-American ornithologist
• David Sloan Wilson, American evolutionary biologist
• E. A. Wilson, English naturalist
• Edward O. Wilson, American entomologist and father of sociobiology, two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize
• Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of life concept and discovered the biological process of nitrification
• Caspar Wistar, American anatomist and physician. The genus Wisteria is named after him
• Henry Witherby, British ornithologist
• William Withering, English botanist
• Carl Woese, American microbiologist, identified the Archaea, a major division of organisms
• Felisa Wolfe-Simon, American biogeochemist and microbial geobiologist
• Wong Siew Te, Malaysian zoologist and Sun Bear expert
• Flossie Wong-Staal, American virologist
• Sewall Wright, American geneticist, co-founder of population genetics
• V. C. Wynne-Edwards, Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis of group selection in evolution

  X

• John Xantus de Vesey, American zoologist

  Y

• William Yarrell, English naturalist

  Z

• Floyd Zaiger, fruit geneticist
• Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann, German zoologist
• Karl Alfred von Zittel, German palaeontologist
• Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini, German botanist
• Margarete Zuelzer, German biologist and zoologist