List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment
This following is a list of U.S. institutions of higher education with endowments greater than one billion dollars according to the National Association of College and University Business Officers.
In 2005, the endowment table below totaled $219.37 billion. By 2015, the table totaled $394.96 billion, an increase of 80%. The total further increased to $479.23 billion in 2018.. Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States.
Enhancements and levies
The tabulated data below are from NACUBO. Some universities benefit from endowments that are not under their direct control but which are nonetheless dedicated to the welfare of one or several institutions. Examples include The Duke Endowment, the Robert A. Welch Foundation, and the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust.In 2017, a federal endowment tax was enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 in the form of an excise tax of 1.4% on institutions that have at least 500 tuition-paying students and net assets of at least $500,000 per student. The $500,000 is not adjusted for inflation, so the threshold is effectively lowered over time.
The endowment tax provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has been criticized as funding tax breaks for corporations and the wealthy at the expense of education. Critics note that the tax could threaten financial aid for low-income students, stifle social mobility, and obstruct life-saving research. There continue to be vigorous efforts that advocate the repeal of the tax. Legislation to repeal the tax has been introduced in Congress with bipartisan cosponsorship.
Endowments currently greater than $1 billion according to NACUBO
Private schools
Data are compiled annually by the National Association of College and University Business Officers.| Institution | State | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 |
| Amherst College | MA | $2.473 | $2.378 | $2.248 | $2.031 | $2.194 | $2.149 | $1.823 | $1.641 | $1.642 | $1.386 | $1.306 | $1.705 | $1.662 |
| Baylor University | TX | $1.340 | $1.313 | $1.230 | $1.144 | $1.168 | $1.154 | $1.061 | $0.964 | $1.004 | $0.872 | $0.880 | $1.060 | $1.018 |
| Baylor College of Medicine | TX | $1.301 | $1.272 | $1.166 | $1.064 | $1.095 | $1.021 | $0.873 | $0.795 | $0.838 | $0.799 | $0.731 | $1.091 | $1.278 |
| Berea College | KY | $1.219 | $1.198 | $1.150 | $1.051 | $1.101 | $1.137 | $1.012 | $0.943 | $0.979 | $0.847 | $0.791 | $1.023 | $1.102 |
| Boston College | MA | $2.523 | $2.478 | $2.317 | $2.064 | $2.220 | $2.131 | $1.809 | $1.646 | $1.726 | $1.480 | $1.341 | $1.631 | $1.670 |
| Boston University | MA | $2.304 | $2.198 | $1.957 | $1.655 | $1.644 | $1.616 | $1.369 | $1.104 | $1.160 | $0.992 | $0.892 | $1.145 | $1.101 |
| Berry College | GA | $1.059 | ||||||||||||
| Bowdoin College | ME | $1.744 | $1.628 | $1.456 | $1.340 | $1.393 | $1.216 | $1.039 | $0.902 | $0.904 | $0.754 | $0.688 | $0.831 | $0.828 |
| Brandeis University | MA | $1.074 | $1.046 | |||||||||||
| Brown University | RI | $3.977 | $3.604 | $3.245 | $2.964 | $3.073 | $3.000 | $2.669 | $2.460 | $2.497 | $2.155 | $2.017 | $2.747 | $2.781 |
| California Institute of Technology | CA | $2.975 | $2.879 | $2.607 | $2.107 | $2.199 | $2.094 | $1.849 | $1.747 | $1.772 | $1.545 | $1.398 | $1.892 | $1.860 |
| Carnegie Mellon University | PA | $2.543 | $2.386 | $2.154 | $1.709 | $1.739 | $1.600 | $1.371 | $0.987 | $1.017 | $0.815 | $0.754 | $1.067 | $1.116 |
| Case Western Reserve University | OH | $1.867 | $1.843 | $1.799 | $1.663 | $1.776 | $1.759 | $1.678 | $1.600 | $1.703 | $1.462 | $1.402 | $1.766 | $1.841 |
| College of the Holy Cross | MA | $1.081 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Columbia University | NY | $10.951 | $10.869 | $9.997 | $9.041 | $9.639 | $9.223 | $8.197 | $7.654 | $7.790 | $6.517 | $5.893 | $7.147 | $7.150 |
| Cornell University | NY | $7.328 | $7.230 | $6.758 | $5.758 | $6.038 | $6.312 | $5.272 | $4.947 | $5.059 | $4.379 | $3.966 | $5.385 | $5.425 |
| Dartmouth College | NH | $5.731 | $5.494 | $4.956 | $4.674 | $4.663 | $4.468 | $3.733 | $3.486 | $3.413 | $2.998 | $2.825 | $3.660 | $3.760 |
| Duke University | NC | $8.600 | $8.525 | $7.911 | $6.840 | $7.297 | $7.037 | $6.040 | $5.555 | $5.747 | $4.824 | $4.441 | $6.124 | $5.910 |
| Emory University | GA | $7.872 | $7.292 | $6.905 | $6.402 | $6.684 | $6.681 | $5.816 | $5.461 | $5.400 | $4.694 | $4.328 | $5.473 | $5.562 |
| George Washington University | DC | $1.779 | $1.799 | $1.729 | $1.570 | $1.616 | $1.577 | $1.375 | $1.306 | $1.331 | $1.144 | $1.011 | $1.256 | $1.147 |
| Georgetown University | DC | $1.822 | $1.770 | $1.662 | $1.484 | $1.529 | $1.461 | $1.286 | $1.142 | $1.160 | $1.010 | $0.895 | $1.059 | $1.059 |
| Grinnell College | IA | $2.070 | $1.992 | $1.871 | $1.649 | $1.788 | $1.830 | $1.553 | $1.384 | $1.500 | $1.265 | $1.076 | $1.472 | $1.718 |
| Harvard University | MA | $39.428 | $38.303 | $36.021 | $34.542 | $36.449 | $35.883 | $32.334 | $30.435 | $31.728 | $27.557 | $25.662 | $36.556 | $34.635 |
| Johns Hopkins University | MD | $6.276 | $4.325 | $3.845 | $3.381 | $3.413 | $3.452 | $2.987 | $2.593 | $2.598 | $2.220 | $1.977 | $2.525 | $2.800 |
| Liberty University | VA | $1.588 | $1.433 | $1.291 | ||||||||||
| Lehigh University | PA | $1.412 | $1.353 | $1.278 | $1.163 | $1.213 | $1.216 | $1.103 | $1.036 | $1.077 | $0.940 | $0.886 | $1.127 | $1.086 |
| Loma Linda University | CA | $1.077 | $1.015 | |||||||||||
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology | MA | $17.569 | $16.529 | $14.968 | $13.182 | $13.475 | $12.425 | $11.005 | $10.150 | $9.713 | $8.317 | $7.982 | $10.069 | $9.980 |
| Middlebury College | VT | $1.124 | $1.124 | $1.074 | $1.001 | $1.101 | $1.082 | $0.973 | $0.880 | $0.908 | $0.783 | $0.700 | $0.885 | $0.936 |
| New York University | NY | $4.346 | $4.266 | $3.991 | $3.488 | $3.576 | $3.424 | $2.949 | $2.755 | $2.827 | $2.370 | $2.094 | $2.475 | $2.162 |
| Northeastern University | MA | $1.055 | $1.015 | |||||||||||
| Northwestern University | IL | $11.092 | $11.088 | $10.437 | $9.648 | $10.193 | $9.778 | $7.883 | $7.119 | $7.183 | $5.945 | $5.445 | $7.244 | $6.503 |
| Pomona College | CA | $2.325 | $2.274 | $2.167 | $1.985 | $2.099 | $2.101 | $1.823 | $1.680 | $1.700 | $1.459 | $1.334 | $1.794 | $1.761 |
| Princeton University | NJ | $26.116 | $25.917 | $23.812 | $22.153 | $22.723 | $20.996 | $18.200 | $16.954 | $17.110 | $14.391 | $12.614 | $16.349 | $15.787 |
| Rice University | TX | $6.481 | $6.278 | $5.814 | $5.324 | $5.557 | $5.528 | $4.836 | $4.419 | $4.451 | $4.100 | $3.613 | $4.610 | $4.670 |
| Rockefeller University | NY | $2.293 | $2.194 | $2.049 | $1.927 | $1.987 | $1.986 | $1.772 | $1.662 | $1.746 | $1.561 | $1.528 | $2.021 | $2.144 |
| Saint Louis University | MO | $1.253 | $1.223 | $1.147 | $1.053 | $1.093 | $1.077 | $0.956 | $0.853 | $0.880 | $0.708 | $0.646 | $0.880 | $0.959 |
| Santa Clara University | CA | $1.020 | ||||||||||||
| Smith College | MA | $1.913 | $1.875 | $1.767 | $1.627 | $1.782 | $1.756 | $1.557 | $1.410 | $1.430 | $1.244 | $1.096 | $1.366 | $1.361 |
| Southern Methodist University | TX | $1.664 | $1.633 | $1.515 | $1.384 | $1.505 | $1.466 | $1.268 | $1.177 | $1.197 | $1.069 | $1.035 | $1.368 | $1.328 |
| Stanford University | CA | $27.700 | $26.465 | $24.785 | $22.398 | $22.223 | $21.446 | $18.668 | $17.036 | $16.503 | $13.851 | $12.619 | $17.200 | $17.165 |
| Swarthmore College | PA | $2.132 | $2.116 | $1.956 | $1.747 | $1.846 | $1.877 | $1.634 | $1.499 | $1.508 | $1.249 | $1.129 | $1.413 | $1.441 |
| Syracuse University | NY | $1.393 | $1.338 | $1.259 | $1.157 | $1.166 | $1.183 | $1.121 | $0.9401 | $0.9137 | $0.8492 | $0.6756 | $1.000 | $1.086 |
| Texas Christian University | TX | $1.709 | $1.628 | $1.521 | $1.436 | $1.514 | $1.443 | $1.256 | $1.180 | $1.192 | $1.048 | $0.975 | $1.260 | $1.187 |
| Trinity University | TX | $1.280 | $1.292 | $1.194 | $1.085 | $1.185 | $1.180 | $1.005 | $0.908 | $0.963 | $0.855 | $0.851 | $1.034 | $0.991 |
| Tufts University | MA | $1.868 | $1.846 | $1.739 | $1.563 | $1.593 | $1.590 | $1.440 | $1.351 | $1.404 | $1.214 | $1.103 | $1.446 | $1.452 |
| Tulane University | LA | $1.430 | $1.384 | $1.288 | $1.171 | $1.220 | $1.184 | $1.047 | $0.960 | $1.014 | $0.888 | $0.807 | $1.035 | $1.009 |
| University of Chicago | IL | $8.264 | $7.928 | $7.524 | $7.001 | $7.550 | $7.546 | $6.668 | $6.571 | $6.575 | $5.543 | $5.578 | $6.632 | $6.204 |
| University of Miami | FL | $0.997 | $1.024 | |||||||||||
| University of Notre Dame | IN | $11.268 | $10.728 | $9.352 | $8.374 | $8.567 | $8.040 | $6.856 | $6.330 | $6.260 | $5.235 | $4.795 | $6.226 | $5.977 |
| University of Pennsylvania | PA | $14.650 | $13.777 | $12.213 | $10.715 | $10.134 | $9.582 | $7.741 | $6.755 | $6.582 | $5.669 | $5.171 | $6.233 | $6.635 |
| University of Richmond | VA | $2.518 | $2.512 | $2.373 | $2.372 | $2.372 | $2.313 | $2.023 | $1.868 | $1.877 | $1.615 | $1.417 | $1.704 | $1.655 |
| University of Rochester | NY | $2.240 | $2.257 | $2.350 | $2.190 | $2.050 | $2.015 | $1.730 | $1.582 | $1.623 | $1.368 | $1.315 | $1.731 | $1.726 |
| University of Southern California | CA | $5.732 | $5.544 | $5.128 | $4.609 | $4.710 | $4.593 | $3.868 | $3.489 | $3.517 | $2.948 | $2.671 | $3.589 | $3.715 |
| University of Tulsa | OK | $1.114 | $1.093 | $1.026 | ||||||||||
| Vanderbilt University | TN | $6.271 | $4.608 | $4.136 | $3.822 | $4.134 | $4.086 | $3.673 | $3.399 | $3.415 | $3.044 | $2.834 | $3.524 | $3.487 |
| Vassar College | NY | $1.117 | $1.083 | $1.002 | ||||||||||
| Wake Forest University | NC | $1.375 | $1.329 | $1.205 | $1.141 | $1.167 | $1.148 | $1.061 | $1.000 | $1.032 | $0.938 | $0.887 | $1.254 | $1.249 |
| Washington and Lee University | VA | $1.676 | $1.603 | $1.547 | $1.472 | $1.471 | $1.478 | $1.345 | $1.262 | $1.218 | $1.008 | $0.897 | $1.027 | $0.693 |
| Washington University in St. Louis | MO | $7.954 | $7.594 | $7.130 | $6.462 | $6.819 | $6.643 | $5.651 | $5.226 | $5.280 | $4.473 | $4.081 | $5.350 | $5.658 |
| Wellesley College | MA | $2.173 | $2.105 | $1.930 | $1.785 | $1.854 | $1.808 | $1.550 | $1.445 | $1.500 | $1.307 | $1.266 | $1.611 | |
| Wesleyan University | CT | $1.005 | ||||||||||||
| Williams College | MA | $2.889 | $2.750 | $2.508 | $2.256 | $2.395 | $2.253 | $1.996 | $1.799 | $1.784 | $1.527 | $1.409 | $1.808 | $1.892 |
| Yale University | CT | $30.314 | $29.351 | $27.176 | $25.409 | $25.572 | $23.900 | $20.780 | $19.345 | $19.374 | $16.652 | $16.327 | $22.870 | $22.530 |
The following states have no private university with >$1B endowment according to the NACUBO report for 2018: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CO, HI, ID, KS, MI, MN, MT, MS, ND, NM, NV, OR, SC, SD, UT, WA, WI, WV, WY.
Although not listed, Brigham Young University has an endowment worth $1.72 billion, according to NCES.
Public schools
Data are compiled annually by the National Association of College and University Business Officers.| Institution | State | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 |
| University of Arizona | AZ | $1.038 | ||||||||||||
| Georgia Institute of Technology | GA | $2.169 | $2.091 | $1.985 | $1.844 | $1.859 | $1.889 | $1.714 | $1.608 | $1.620 | $1.051 | $0.994 | $1.344 | $1.281 |
| Indiana University | IN | $2.486 | $2.397 | $2.229 | $1.986 | $1.974 | $1.988 | $1.735 | $1.577 | $1.575 | $1.371 | $1.227 | $1.546 | $1.557 |
| Iowa State University | IA | $1.102 | $1.064 | |||||||||||
| Michigan State University | MI | $3.033 | $2.908 | $2.683 | $2.225 | $2.700 | $2.145 | $1.367 | $1.407 | $1.400 | $1.148 | $1.047 | $1.282 | $1.248 |
| North Carolina State University | NC | $1.401 | $1.294 | $1.123 | $0.999 | |||||||||
| Ohio State University | OH | $5.257 | $5.211 | $4.253 | $3.579 | $3.634 | $3.548 | $3.149 | $2.366 | $2.121 | $1.869 | $1.652 | $2.076 | $2.338 |
| Pennsylvania State University | PA | $4.546 | $4.264 | $3.991 | $3.602 | $3.636 | $3.446 | $2.956 | $1.780 | $1.725 | $1.368 | $1.226 | $1.545 | $1.590 |
| Purdue University | IN | $2.625 | $2.524 | $2.425 | $2.255 | $2.398 | $2.443 | $2.182 | $1.917 | $2.002 | $1.633 | $1.458 | $1.736 | $1.787 |
| Rutgers University | NJ | $1.476 | $1.330 | $1.220 | $1.077 | $1.002 | $0.918 | $0.783 | $0.694 | $0.699 | $0.603 | $0.545 | $0.640 | $0.654 |
| Texas A&M University System | TX | $13.515 | $13.525 | $11.556 | $10.540 | $10.477 | $11.104 | $8.732 | $7.639 | $7.000 | $5.738 | $5.084 | $6.659 | $6.590 |
| Texas Tech University | TX | $1.317 | $1.307 | $1.262 | $1.126 | $1.178 | $1.195 | $0.964 | $0.869 | $0.891 | $0.775 | $0.680 | $0.793 | $0.642 |
| University of Alabama | AL | $1.520 | $1.452 | $1.351 | $1.221 | $1.239 | $1.235 | $1.055 | $0.986 | $0.995 | $0.854 | $0.796 | $0.998 | $1.000 |
| University of Arkansas Foundation | AR | $1.222 | $1.199 | |||||||||||
| University of California | CA | $11.008 | $11.798 | $9.788 | $8.341 | $7.997 | $7.384 | $6.337 | $5.963 | $6.342 | $5.441 | $4.937 | $6.217 | $6.439 |
| University of California, Berkeley | CA | $2.071 | $1.944 | $1.795 | $1.586 | $1.575 | $1.496 | $1.243 | $1.089 | $1.055 | $0.996 | $0.895 | $0.872 | $0.837 |
| University of California, Los Angeles | CA | $2.747 | $2.523 | $2.063 | $1.803 | $1.865 | $1.733 | $1.526 | $1.331 | $1.486 | $0.996 | $0.895 | $1.054 | $0.975 |
| University of California, San Francisco | CA | $1.840 | $1.644 | $1.307 | $1.139 | $1.161 | $0.944 | $0.675 | $0.643 | $0.509 | $0.439 | $0.468 | $0.471 | |
| University of Cincinnati | OH | $1.453 | $1.367 | $1.283 | $1.166 | $1.196 | $1.184 | $1.045 | $0.976 | $1.003 | $0.886 | $0.884 | $1.099 | $1.185 |
| University of Colorado | CO | $1.453 | $1.361 | $1.220 | $1.063 | $1.090 | $1.063 | $0.885 | $0.771 | $0.785 | $0.665 | $0.593 | $0.870 | $0.717 |
| University of Delaware | DE | $1.466 | $1.413 | $1.364 | $1.262 | $1.341 | $1.310 | $1.171 | $1.088 | $1.138 | $1.092 | $1.008 | $1.340 | $1.397 |
| University of Florida | FL | $1.825 | $1.735 | $1.612 | $1.462 | $1.556 | $1.520 | $1.359 | $1.263 | $1.295 | $1.105 | $1.011 | $1.251 | $1.219 |
| University of Georgia & Related Foundations | GA | $1.344 | $1.274 | $1.152 | $1.017 | |||||||||
| University of Illinois system | IL | $2.354 | $2.294 | $2.441 | $2.291 | $2.388 | $2.278 | $1.925 | $1.667 | $1.601 | $1.290 | $1.112 | $1.459 | $1.515 |
| University of Iowa | IA | $1.579 | $1.500 | $1.387 | $1.259 | $1.263 | $1.251 | $1.094 | $0.981 | $1.044 | $0.792 | $0.766 | $0.935 | $0.982 |
| University of Kansas | KS | $1.817 | $1.741 | $1.612 | $1.475 | $1.500 | $1.471 | $1.228 | $1.182 | $1.250 | $1.198 | $0.955 | $1.218 | $1.239 |
| University of Kentucky | KY | $1.407 | $1.361 | $1.285 | $1.119 | $1.143 | $1.137 | $0.992 | $0.900 | $0.916 | $0.779 | $0.697 | $0.909 | $0.958 |
| University of Maryland System & Foundation | MD | $1.436 | $1.298 | $1.099 | ||||||||||
| University of Michigan | MI | $12.449 | $11.902 | $10.936 | $9.743 | $9.952 | $9.731 | $8.382 | $7.691 | $7.835 | $6.564 | $6.001 | $7.572 | $7.090 |
| University of Minnesota | MN | $3.951 | $3.717 | $3.494 | $3.281 | $3.297 | $3.165 | $2.757 | $2.494 | $2.503 | $2.196 | $2.086 | $2.751 | $2.804 |
| University of Missouri | MO | $1.675 | $1.603 | $1.460 | $1.477 | $1.441 | $1.259 | $1.172 | $1.119 | $0.975 | $0.882 | $1.025 | $1.098 | |
| University of Nebraska | NE | $1.436 | $1.723 | $1.617 | $1.475 | $1.538 | $1.547 | $1.338 | $1.215 | $1.242 | $1.143 | $0.965 | $1.221 | $1.277 |
| University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | NC | $3.671 | $3.433 | $3.027 | $2.890 | $2.989 | $2.696 | $2.381 | $2.179 | $2.261 | $1.979 | $1.905 | $2.359 | $2.164 |
| University of Oklahoma | OK | $1.735 | $1.646 | $1.520 | $1.523 | $1.493 | $1.324 | $1.172 | $1.212 | $0.968 | $0.848 | $1.155 | $1.114 | |
| University of Pittsburgh | PA | $4.311 | $4.200 | $3.945 | $3.525 | $3.589 | $3.493 | $2.975 | $2.618 | $2.527 | $2.033 | $1.837 | $2.334 | $2.254 |
| University of Tennessee system | TN | $1.355 | $1.298 | $1.215 | $1.100 | $1.107 | $1.072 | $0.919 | $0.827 | $0.848 | $0.729 | $0.887 | $0.954 | |
| University of Texas System | TX | $30.958 | $30.886 | $26.535 | $24.203 | $24.083 | $25.426 | $20.448 | $18.264 | $17.149 | $14.052 | $12.163 | $16.111 | $15.614 |
| University of Utah | UT | $1.225 | $1.186 | $1.127 | $1.071 | |||||||||
| University of Virginia | VA | $7.058 | $6.953 | $6.394 | $5.852 | $6.181 | $5.946 | $5.116 | $4.789 | $4.761 | $3.707 | $3.577 | $4.526 | $4.370 |
| University of Washington | WA | $2.935 | $2.764 | $2.529 | $2.968 | $3.076 | $2.833 | $2.346 | $2.111 | $2.154 | $1.905 | $1.649 | $2.262 | $2.184 |
| University of Wisconsin–Madison | WI | $3.153 | $2.985 | $2.746 | $2.419 | $2.465 | $2.332 | $2.020 | $1.812 | $1.873 | $1.551 | $1.373 | $1.735 | $1.645 |
| Virginia Commonwealth University | VA | $2.043 | $1.951 | $1.843 | $1.560 | $1.638 | $1.509 | $1.327 | $0.438 | $0.350 | $0.281 | $0.253 | $0.330 | $0.329 |
| Virginia Tech Foundation | VA | $1.358 | $1.146 | |||||||||||
| Washington State University | WA | $1.068 | $1.024 |
The following states have no public university with >$1B endowment according to the NACUBO report for 2018: AK, CT, HI, ID, LA, MA, ME, MT, MS, ND, NH, NM, NV, NY, OR, RI, SC, SD, VT, WV, WY.