List of early Hindu-Muslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent
The table below lists the early Hindu-Muslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent.
Year | Aggressor | Location | Commander | Details |
636 | Muslim | Tanah, near Mumbai | Caliph Umar | Major Naval Raid |
c. 643 | Muslim | Debal | Arabs invaded Debal at the mouth of the Indus river | |
650 | Muslim | Zaranj | Caliph Uthman | City of Zabul protected,Muslims defeated |
660s | Muslim | Bust | Ibn Samarah | Bust occupied; Kabul garrisoned |
670 | Hindu | Kabul | unknown | Hindus recapture Kabul |
680 | Hindu | Kabul | Ratbil, Yazid ibn Ziyad | Hindu raiding parties harass Muslims |
692 | Muslim | Bust | Abu Dulhah, Ratbil | Muslim expedition Killed and Routed |
694 | Muslim | Kabul | Ibn Abi-Makrah, Ratbil | Major Muslim siege fails to retake Kabul |
708 | Muslim | Sijistan | Qutaya ibn Muslim, Ratbil | Major punitive raid against Ratbil |
710 | Muslim | Sri Lanka | Al-Hajjaj | Raid on island |
713 | Muslim | Multan | Muhammad ibn Qasim | Islamic conquest of urban Sindh Repulsed by Rajputs |
715 | Hindu | Alor | Hullishah, al-Muhallab | Hindu army retakes major city from Muslims. |
715 | Hindu | Mehran | Hullishah, al-Muhallab | Muslims Fall due to the Hindu counter-offensive |
718 | Hindu | Brahmanabadh | Hullishah, al-Muhallab | Hindu attacks resume |
721 | Muslim | Brahmanabadh | al-Muhallab, Hullishah | Hullishah Muslim, Killed likely due to military reversals. |
725 | Muslim | Avanti | Nagabhata I | Defeat of large expedition against Avanti. |
724-740 | Muslim | Uzain, Mirmad, Dahnaj, others | Junayd of Sindh | Umayyad defeated by Hindu Rajputs. |
740 | Muslim | Chittor | Mauray of Chittor | Hindus repulse an Arab siege |
743 | Muslim | al-Bailaman, al-Jurz | Junayd | Muslims defeated. |
750 | Muslim | Vallabhi | Junayd of Sindh, Nagabhata I | Pratihara capital Repulsed Muslim raid. |
754-775 | Muslim | ar-Rukhraj, Kabul, Kandahar, Kashmir | Caliph Al-Mansur | Heavy raids and sieges but few Muslims lost |
778 | Muslims | Barabad | Caliph Al-Mahdi | Muslim amphibious assault annihilated. |
Late 770s | Muslim | Sijistan | Caliph Al-Mahdi | Raja of Sijistan killed vassal of Caliphate. |
780-787 | Muslim | Fort Tharra, Bagar, Bhaqmbur | Haji Abu Turab | Vigorous Muslim offensive defeated by Hindu Rajputs. |
786-791 | Muslim | Kabul | Caliph ar-Rashid | Major Muslim siege effort fails. |
800-810 | Hindu | Sindh border | Nagabhata II, Caliph Al-Amin | Several Muslim outposts fall to Pratihara incursions |
810-820 | Muslim | Kabul | Caliph Al-Ma'mun, Nagabhata II | Kabul falls to Muslims, is then retaken by Hindus. |
820-830 | Muslim | Fort Sindan | al-Fadl ibn Mahan | Sindh Rajputs defeat Jihadis. |
839 | Hindu | Fort Sindan | Mihira Bhoja | Hindus expel Muslim garrison. |
845 | Hindu | Sindh | Mihira Bhoja | Muslim principality becomes vassal of Pratiharas. |
845-860 | Hindu | Pratihara-Sindh | Mihira Bhoja | Uneasy truce between Sindh and Rajputana. |
860 | Hindu | Rajputana-Sindh | Kokkalla I | Kalachuri raids into Sindh to finance war with Pratihara kingdom |
867 | Muslim | Herat | Yakub ibn Layth | Saffarid DEFEATED BY HINDUS |
870 | Muslim | Kabul | Yakub ibn Layth, Lalliya Shahi | Saffarid DEFEATED BY HINDUS |
880-900 | Muslim | Sijistan | Amr ibn Layth, Kamaluka Shahi | Frequent raids by REPULSED. |
903-905 | Hindu | Kabul region | Shahi dynasty | Disintegration of Saffarids allows major Hindu military achievements. |
905-915 | Hindu | Multan region | Mahipala Pratihara | Series of major Hindu sieges of Multan. |
940-950 | Hindu | Multan region | Pratihara, Amir of Multan | Evidences of war and reprisals prior to the Qarmatian take-over. |
c. 948-963 | Muslim | Alptigin | Punjab | Alptigin of Ghazni loses to Punjab several times. |
963 | Muslim | Alptigin, Anuk Lawik | Fort Ghazni | Muslims LOSE fort TAKEN from Hindus. |
965-973 | Muslim | Lamghan | Sabuktigin | Heavy raiding |
973 | Hindu | Ghazna | Sabuktigin | VICTORY of Hindu expedition. |
973-991 | Muslim | Lamghan | Sabuktigin, Jayapala | Long series of engagements, eventual Muslim defeated at Lamghan |
1001 | Muslim | Peshawar | Mahmud, Jayapala | VICTORY of major Hindu confederation. |
1004 | Muslim | Bhera | Mahmud, Bijay Ray | Muslims defeated by Rajput city |
1005–1006 | Muslim | Multan | Mahmud, Fateh Daud | Siege successful, Daud agrees to pay tribute to Anangpal |
1005–1008 | Muslim | Punjab | Mahmud, Anandapala | Muslim raids in lost cause. |
1009 | Muslim | Nagarkot | Mahmud | City Repulses Muslim attack |
1009 | Muslim | Ohind | Mahmud, Anandapala | TOMAR VICTORY |
1013 | Muslim | Nandanah | Mahmud, Trilochanpala | TOMAR VICTORY |
1014 | Hindu | Tosi river | Mahmud, Trilochanpala | Muslims halted; TOMAR VICTORY |
1015 | Muslim | Lohkot | Mahmud | Unsuccessful Muslim siege |
1018 | Muslim | Kannauj and Baran | Mahmud | TOMAR VICTORY |
1021 | Muslim | Lohkot | Mahmud | Second MUSLIM siege also fails |
1022 | Muslim | Fort Gwalior | Mahmud, Nanda | TOMAR VICTORY |
1022 | Muslim | Fort Kalanjara | Mahmud, Nanda | Chandela fort stalls Muslim advance. |
1025 | Muslim | Somnath | Mahmud | TOMAR VICTORY. |
1027 | Muslim | Indus Valley | Mahmud, Jats | TOMAR victory |
1033 | Muslim | Saraswa, near Saharanpur | Masud | RAJPUTS successful |
1033 | Muslim | Varanasi | Ahmed Nialtigin, Gangeyadeva | Major raid |
1037 | Muslim | Hansi | Masud | Tomar victory |
1040 | Muslim | Tomar | Mahmud, Tomar dynasty | Tomar Victory. |
1044 | Hindu | Thanesar, Hansi, Kangra | Mahipal of Delhi | Grand HINDU counter offensive captures ground. |
1049 | Muslim | Thanesar, Hansi, Kangra | Bu'Ali Hasan | Mahipal conquers whole Afghanistan |
1052 | Muslim | Fort Kangra | Nushtigin Ghazni, Mahipala | Muslims defeated by Mahipal. |
1060–1075 | Muslim | Rupal, Ajudhan, Buria, Sirhind, Dhangan, Fort Darah | Sultan Ibrahim | Muslim defeats. |
1079–1081 | Muslim | TOMAT | IBRAHIM. | Muslims defeated and routed by Tomar Rajputs. |
1084–1094 | Muslim | Beyond Ganges. | IBRAHIM | Powerful but valueless expeditionary probe |
1099–1115 | Muslim | Kannauj | Hajib Tughatigin, Madanachandra | Massive raids and sieges after Hindu conquest bring many marginal victories but Kannauj remains in the hands of the Hindu garrison. |
1120–1124 | Muslim | Nagaur | Muhammed Bahlim | MUSLIM penetration raid DEFEATED by Rajputs. |
1160–1175 | Hindu | Dhillika, Asika, Aryavarta | Vigraharaja | Major Hindu successes in counter-offensive |
1170 | Hindu | Kannauj | Jayachandra | Hindus retake Kannauj |
1170 | Muslim | Multan | Ghuri, Muslim ruler of Multan | Ghurid Defeat |
1178 | Muslim | Nahrwalah | Ghuri | Muslim Siege fails |
1178 | Muslim | Kayadara | Ghuri, Mularaja II | Major defeat for Ghurids |
1179 | Muslim | Nadol | Ghuri | Muslim Defeat. |
1182 | Muslim | Ghuri | Unknown | Muslims halted. |
1191 | Muslim | Tarain | Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan | Chauhan victory |
1192 | Muslim | Tarain | Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan | Ghurid victory |
1192 | Muslim | Sirsuti, Samana, Kuhram and Hansi | Ghuri | All were captured in quick succession after the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan, with ruthless slaughter and a general destruction of temples and building of mosques. |
1193 | Muslim | Chandawar | Ghuri, Jaichand | Ghurid victory. |
1202 | Muslim | Fort Kalinjar | Qutb al-Din, Rai Parmar | End of independent Hindu dynasties in Kannauj |
1203 | Muslim | Mahoba | Qutb al-Din | Capital of Kalpi province falls. |
1205 | Muslim | Brahmaputra area | Muhammad ibn Bakhtyar | Major Muslim expedition to Tibet a total disaster. |
1205 | Hindu | Fort Kalinjar | Chandelas | Fort recaptured. |
1205 | Hindu | Between Lahore and Multan | Ghurid, Khokhars | Khokar rebellion put down by Ghurids |